Question 1

A clear, workable definition of stuttering is important for:

Accepted Answer

A clear definition of stuttering is crucial for accurately assessing treatment outcomes, distinguishing stuttering from other speech disorders, and evaluating the impact of experimental conditions on stuttering.

Question 2

In addition to theoretical, research and clinical purposes, a clear, acceptable definition of stuttering is important for:

Accepted Answer

A clear definition of stuttering is important for economic reasons because it can impact funding, insurance coverage, and resource allocation for treatment and support services.

Question 3

The term stuttering may refer to certain speech events or to the:

Accepted Answer

Stuttering is often referred to as a complex disorder because it involves various factors, including genetic, neurological, and environmental components, affecting speech fluency.

Question 4

Definitions of stuttering can be based on the following orientation:

Accepted Answer

Definitions of stuttering can encompass listener-based, psychopathogenic-based, and organic-based perspectives, as each provides a different angle on understanding the condition.

Question 5

A definition of stuttering is not important in:

Accepted Answer

Estimating levels of alcohol consumption does not require a definition of stuttering.

Question 6

Stuttering-like-disfluencies (Yairi & Ambrose, 1999) do not include:

Accepted Answer

Repetitions of phrases are not considered stuttering-like disfluencies, which typically include repetitions of sounds, syllables, or single-syllable words, as well as dysrhythmic phonations.

Question 7

The "tip of the iceberg"(Sheehan, 1958) refers to the:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The "tip of the iceberg"(Sheehan, 1958) refers...

Question 8

The term "disfluency" refers to:

Accepted Answer

Disfluency refers to both normal and abnormal interruptions in speech, such as hesitations, repetitions, or prolongations.

Question 9

Disfluency types most typical of stuttering:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Disfluency types most typical of stuttering:
...

Question 10

Van Riper suggested that stuttering is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

Van Riper suggested that stuttering is best defined as an interruption in the forward flow of speech and the speaker's reaction to it, emphasizing both the disruption and the individual's response.

Question 11

Stuttering has occurred when the speaker:

Accepted Answer

Stuttering is characterized by involuntary repetitions, prolongations, or blocks in speech, not by repeating or prolonging sounds due to external interruptions or distractions.

Question 12

An example of a covert aspect of stuttering:

Accepted Answer

A sense of a loss of control over speech is a covert aspect of stuttering because it is not observable by others.

Question 13

Yaruss and & Quesal's (2006) model of stuttering:

Accepted Answer

Yaruss and Quesal's model does not define stuttering itself but rather represents the various components and experiences involved in stuttering, focusing on the impact it has on individuals.

Question 14

Which of the following aspects of speech and language is most impaired in the disorder of stuttering.

Accepted Answer

Stuttering primarily affects the rate of speech, causing disruptions in the flow and timing of speech sounds.

Question 15

Which disfluency type is not common to normally fluent speakers (i.e., not Other Disfluency)?

Accepted Answer

Sound repetitions are less common in normally fluent speakers and are more characteristic of stuttering.

Question 16

The definition and clinical diagnosis of stuttering are not the same. However, arriving at a clinical diagnosis often involves use of specifications of, e.g., the frequency, of the parameters found in the definition of the disorder.

Accepted Answer

The definition of stuttering provides a general description of the disorder, while a clinical diagnosis involves specific criteria and measurements, such as frequency and severity, to assess and confirm the presence of stuttering in an individual.

Question 17

One reason why definitions of stuttering differ is that some of them are based entirely, or partially, on hypotheses about the cause of the disorder instead of describing it.

Accepted Answer

Definitions of stuttering can vary because some are influenced by theoretical perspectives on its causes, rather than focusing solely on observable characteristics of the disorder.

Question 18

The inner, affective reactions of the person who stutters that are associated with stuttering events are known as the "core behaviors."

Accepted Answer

Core behaviors refer to the basic speech disruptions in stuttering, such as repetitions, prolongations, and blocks, not the emotional reactions.

Question 19

Research has indicated that fluent speech of stutterers may also be different from fluent speech of normally speaking individuals.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that even when stutterers speak fluently, there can be subtle differences in their speech patterns compared to those of individuals who do not stutter, such as variations in timing, rhythm, and intonation.

Question 20

Various surface interruptions that occur in ongoing speech are referred to as "disfluencies."

Accepted Answer

Disfluencies are interruptions in the flow of speech, such as pauses, repetitions, or fillers, that occur naturally in spoken language.

Quiz 1: What Is Stuttering