Question 1

Nehal, a medical student who has been reading textbooks of illnesses for weeks on end, develops a headache and now fears she has a dreaded brain disease. Fortunately, she does not. This incident serves as a good example of ______________, which is a type of implicit memory.

Accepted Answer

Priming is a phenomenon where exposure to one stimulus influences a response to a subsequent stimulus, without conscious guidance or intention. In this case, Nehal's extensive reading about illnesses has unconsciously influenced her to interpret her headache as a sign of a serious disease.

Question 2

Paul remembers the presidents of the United States in the order in which they held office. Some would say that he has a pretty good ______________ memory.

Accepted Answer

Semantic memory is a type of long-term memory that involves the recall of general facts and knowledge, such as the order of U.S. presidents, which is why it is the correct choice in this context.

Question 3

________________ is crucial to storage and retrieval.

Accepted Answer

Encoding is essential for converting information into a form that can be stored in memory and later retrieved.

Question 4

Miguel is trying to have a dinner party, but from the smell coming from his kitchen it is evident he burned whatever he was cooking. What is the order of the processes the burnt smell will go through to become a long-term memory for Miguel?

Accepted Answer

The correct order for a memory to become long-term is encoding (initially processing the information), consolidation (the process of stabilizing a memory trace after the initial acquisition), storage (maintaining the information over time), and retrieval (accessing the information when needed).

Question 5

Meg easily recalls her first day on the job as an emergency room nurse. To her, remembering that day involves ___________________ processing.

Accepted Answer

Automatic processing involves recalling information without conscious effort, such as significant life events.

Question 6

Barry is paying careful attention to his class notes and textbook, trying to master the material for tomorrow's exam. Barry is engaging in __________.

Accepted Answer

Effortful processing is the active and conscious effort to encode or process information into memory, which Barry is doing by paying careful attention to his class notes and textbook to master the material. Automatic processing, implicit memory, and persistence refer to different aspects of memory and learning that do not specifically describe Barry's active and conscious effort to learn.

Question 7

Jones is engaging in ___________ processing when, as he tries to encode the year 1992, he says to himself, "I'll remember 1992 because it is the year before I was born."

Accepted Answer

Semantic processing involves the encoding of the meaning of a word and its relation to other words. Jones is associating the year 1992 with a significant personal event (the year before he was born), which involves processing the meaning and significance of the information rather than its structure or sound.

Question 8

Oscar is trying to remember the names of people he meets at his new job. He says he will remember the name of his co-worker Trish, because she always has a dish of candy on her desk, and "Trish" rhymes with "dish." Of which type of processing is this an example?

Accepted Answer

Oscar is using phonemic processing, which involves focusing on the sound of the information. By associating "Trish" with "dish" based on their rhyming sounds, he is employing a phonemic strategy to aid his memory.

Question 9

The studies of Craik and Tulving (1975) showed which of the following results from participants who were instructed to encode words more deeply than were participants in a control group?

Accepted Answer

Craik and Tulving's (1975) studies demonstrated that deeper levels of processing enhance memory recall, showing that participants who were instructed to encode words more deeply were able to recall those words better than participants in a control group.

Question 10

According to research by Walker and Stickgold (2006) and others, sleep is vital for which state of long-term memory formation?

Accepted Answer

Research by Walker and Stickgold (2006) and others has shown that sleep plays a crucial role in the consolidation of long-term memories, transforming them into more stable and enduring forms.

Question 11

_________________ are mental frameworks formed from our experiences with the world that help us interpret, store, and remember related experiences, concepts, and behaviors.

Accepted Answer

Schemas are cognitive structures that help us organize and interpret information. They are formed from prior knowledge and experiences, allowing us to categorize and remember information more efficiently.

Question 12

The psychological process that connects concepts is called __________.

Accepted Answer

Association is the psychological process that connects concepts, allowing the mind to relate different ideas, memories, or stimuli to one another.

Question 13

Parallel distributed processing (PDP) models of memory storage propose that the __________.

Accepted Answer

Parallel distributed processing (PDP) models, also known as connectionist models or neural network models, suggest that memory storage involves the activation of patterns of neurons in the brain. These models propose that the brain makes associations and stores information through the simultaneous activation of multiple concepts or neural networks, rather than through linear or sequential processes. This approach emphasizes the distributed nature of memory storage across the brain, where information is processed and stored in a parallel manner across different neural networks.

Question 14

Tan is remembering where she put the receipt for the birthday gift she bought her mother. With respect to memory processes, Tan is engaging in __________.

Accepted Answer

Retrieval is the process of accessing and bringing into consciousness information stored in memory, which is what Tan is doing by trying to remember where she put the receipt.

Question 15

Short-term memory is primarily processed in the __________.

Accepted Answer

Short-term memory is primarily processed in the hippocampus and frontal lobes, which are involved in the formation and retrieval of memories.

Question 16

In the human sensory memory system, which of the following senses does not have its own sensory cortex?

Accepted Answer

Taste does not have its own dedicated sensory cortex in the same way that auditory, visual, and tactile senses do. Instead, taste information is processed in parts of the brain that are not exclusively dedicated to taste, such as the insular cortex and the frontal operculum.

Question 17

Memory consolidation takes place in the __________.

Accepted Answer

Memory consolidation, the process of stabilizing and storing memories, primarily occurs in the hippocampus.

Question 18

Which one of Talia's memories would be stored in her subcortical structures?

Accepted Answer

Procedural memories, such as learning how to do the chicken dance, are stored in subcortical structures of the brain, unlike episodic or factual memories.

Question 19

Amanda is taking a fill-in-the-blanks psychology test and is trying to remember the word to answer the question, "_____________ is a strong bond that forms between an infant and a caregiver." Which part of Amanda's brain will help her correctly recall the word "Attachment"?

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cortex is involved in various higher cognitive functions including memory, decision making, and language. In this scenario, recalling the word "Attachment" for a fill-in-the-blank question would involve memory and language processing, functions associated with the prefrontal cortex.

Question 20

The ________________ is the part of the limbic system that is highly involved with processing and recognizing emotions.

Accepted Answer

The amygdala is a key structure in the limbic system, primarily involved in processing emotions, emotional behavior, and motivation. It plays a crucial role in recognizing and responding to emotional stimuli, particularly fear.

Quiz 7: Memory