Question 1

A community health nurse is teaching a class on the effects of heart injury. Which statement from class attendees indicates an appropriate understanding of the course material?
A) "When my heart cells are deprived of oxygen, irreversible damage occurs."
B) "My heart cells may fully recover if blood supply returns within 15 minutes."
C) "When my heart cells sustain an injury, they can no longer function normally."
D) "Even if my heart cells die, the damage to my heart is still reversible."

Accepted Answer

Heart cells can recover if blood supply is restored quickly, typically within 15-20 minutes, before irreversible damage occurs.

Question 2

A nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Which statement will the nurse include when teaching the client about the condition?
A) "You have a condition resulting from renal channelopathy."
B) "You have an inflammatory condition affecting calcium transport in airway smooth muscle cells."
C) "Your condition is the result of a defect in the chloride channel, resulting in increased sodium and water resorption."
D) "Your condition is the result of acquired channelopathy caused by the immune system."

Accepted Answer

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is caused by a renal channelopathy where the kidneys are unable to respond to antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to an inability to concentrate urine.

Question 3

A nurse is caring for a number of clients. Based on the site of injury, which client is at the most immediate risk for hypoxia-induced cell injury?
A) A client admitted with an injury to the right great toe.
B) A client admitted with a chest wall injury.
C) A client admitted with a traumatic brain injury.
D) A client admitted for a right femoral head fracture.

Accepted Answer

A traumatic brain injury can lead to impaired oxygen delivery to brain cells, making the brain highly susceptible to hypoxia-induced cell injury due to its high oxygen demand and limited capacity for anaerobic metabolism.

Question 4

A nurse is educating a group of clients on the health risks of air pollution. Which client is at the greatest risk of exposure to air pollution?
A) A client who lives in a remote, rural community.
B) A client who works as a bookkeeper in a busy office environment.
C) A client with a family history of asthma.
D) A client who regularly engages in outdoor activities.

Accepted Answer

A client who regularly engages in outdoor activities is at greater risk of exposure to air pollution, especially if they are in urban or industrial areas where pollution levels are higher.

Question 5

A nurse is assessing the medical history of a client presenting for an office visit. Which assessment finding is most likely to indicate a possible injury to endothelial cells?
A) A healing abrasion on the client's arm.
B) A tick removal procedure completed two weeks ago.
C) A raised, blistering rash on the client's leg caused by poison ivy.
D) A 20 pack-year history of smoking.

Accepted Answer

Smoking is known to cause damage to endothelial cells, which line the blood vessels, due to the harmful chemicals in tobacco smoke.

Question 6

A nurse is providing dietary education for a client. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of dietary antioxidants?
A) "Vitamin E is one of the most important dietary lipid-soluble antioxidants."
B) "Antioxidants are only found in healthy, whole foods."
C) "Vitamin C is a dietary, fat-soluble antioxidant."
D) "Dietary vitamins are an example of enzymatic antioxidants."

Accepted Answer

Vitamin E is a well-known lipid-soluble antioxidant that helps protect cell membranes from oxidative damage.

Question 7

A nurse is educating a client with cervical dysplasia diagnosed by Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. Which statement by the client requires further follow up by the nurse?
A) "This condition may be reversible."
B) "I have cervical cancer."
C) "This is an abnormal condition."
D) "My cervical cells have grown in a deranged manner."

Accepted Answer

The client's statement "I have cervical cancer" requires further follow up by the nurse because it is not true. Cervical dysplasia is a precancerous condition that can progress to cervical cancer if left untreated. However, it is not the same as cervical cancer.

Question 8

A nurse is caring for a client with gangrene present on the client's leg. What is the nurse's understanding of the client's condition? Select all that apply.
A) There are two types of gangrene: wet and dry.
B) Gangrene describes a mass of necrotic tissue.
C) The client has a form of coagulation necrosis.
D) Gangrene is caused by cell injury culminating in apoptosis.
E) The client has an active infection.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse is caring for a client...

Question 9

A nurse is performing an assessment on a client, and notes findings consistent with hypoxemia. Which manifestation suggest this diagnosis?
A) Tachypnea
B) Bradycardia
C) Hyperthermia
D) Hemiparesis

Accepted Answer

Tachypnea, or rapid breathing, is a common response to hypoxemia as the body attempts to increase oxygen intake.

Question 10

A nurse is performing follow up education for a client who recently underwent a punch biopsy procedure for suspected melanoma. Which statement by the client indicates appropriate understanding of melanin?
A) "Melanin an example of an external pigment."
B) "Melanin is a yellow-brown pigment composed of fats."
C) "Melanin protects certain cells from UV light."
D) "Melanin is composed of hemoglobin, a blood component."

Accepted Answer

Melanin is a pigment produced by cells called melanocytes, and it helps protect skin cells from damage caused by ultraviolet (UV) light.

Question 11

A nurse is caring for a premature newborn who has experienced oxidative stress when transitioning from fetal circulation to newborn circulation. Which conditions is the newborn at risk for developing? Select all that apply.
A) Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
B) Necrotizing enterocolitis
C) Intravascular hemorrhage
D) Gestational diabetes mellitus
E) Retinopathy of prematurity

Accepted Answer

Premature newborns experiencing oxidative stress are at risk for conditions like Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS), Necrotizing Enterocolitis, Intravascular Hemorrhage, and Retinopathy of Prematurity due to their underdeveloped organs and systems. Gestational diabetes mellitus is not applicable as it is a condition affecting pregnant women, not newborns.

Question 12

A nurse is caring for an older adult client in a long-term care facility. What is the nurse's understanding of replicative senescence?
A) It refers to the brain's ability to recall memories.
B) It is the limitation of the number of times a cell can divide.
C) It is the body's ability to repair cells damaged by reactive oxygen species (ROS).
D) It is caused by decreased caloric intake.

Accepted Answer

Replicative senescence refers to the phenomenon where cells lose the ability to divide after a certain number of divisions, often due to the shortening of telomeres.

Question 13

A nurse is caring for a client with endometrial hyperplasia. What is the nurse's understanding of the condition of the client's endometrial cells?
A) The cells have increased in size.
B) The cells have increased intracellular protein.
C) The cells have increased in number.
D) The cells have increased motility.

Accepted Answer

Endometrial hyperplasia is characterized by an increase in the number of endometrial cells, leading to a thickened endometrial lining.

Question 14

A nurse is reviewing a client's pathology report which notes the presence of intracellular hyaline. What condition does the nurse identify as an example where intracellular hyaline may be present?
A) Scar tissue
B) Arteriosclerosis
C) Decreased vascularity
D) Tumor

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse is reviewing a client's pathology...

Question 15

A nurse is performing an assessment on a client with acute ionizing radiation exposure. Which assessment findings does the nurse anticipate? Select all that apply.
A) Nausea
B) Fatigue
C) Vomiting
D) Constipation
E) Hypercoagulability

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse is performing an assessment on...

Question 16

A nurse is teaching a community health class about the causes of cancer. Which statement will the nurse include when teaching about the formation of cancer?
A) "When cellular death is altered, cancer may occur."
B) "When cells do not divide enough, a tumor may form."
C) "Tumors form when enzymes cause the uncontrolled destruction of cell components."
D) "When cellular contents leak out through altered cell walls, cancer may occur."

Accepted Answer

Cancer can occur when the normal process of cellular death (apoptosis) is altered, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation.

Question 17

A nurse is educating a client who asks, "Why don't I get sick every time my body's cells are stressed?" How will the nurse respond?
A) "When cells are exposed to stressors, they focus exclusively on specialized functions."
B) "The body's cells are not at risk for injury under stressors alone."
C) "To avoid injury, cells generally adapt to stressors by expending more resources."
D) "Changes can occur in the body's cells that favor cellular survival."

Accepted Answer

Cells adapt to stressors through mechanisms that promote survival, such as altering their function or structure to better withstand the stress.

Question 18

A nurse educator is providing review of material to staff nurses regarding the process of inflammation. Which statement by the nurse indicates an understanding of the material? Select all that apply.
A) "Inflammation is a temporary cell-to-cell interaction,."
B) "Inflammation requires the immune cells to talk to each other."
C) "Inflammation occurs between closely knit cell pathways."
D) "Inflammation is critical for the development of the body."
E) "Inflammation regulates the behavior of cells."

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse educator is providing review of...

Question 19

A nurse is performing an assessment on a client diagnosed with carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. Which assessment findings would the nurse anticipate? Select all that apply.
A) Headache
B) Bradycardia
C) Dyspnea
D) Hypertension
E) Syncope

Accepted Answer

Carbon monoxide poisoning often leads to headache, dyspnea (difficulty breathing), and syncope (fainting) due to the lack of oxygen delivery to tissues.

Question 20

A nurse is caring for a client with a 15% carboxyhemoglobin level. Which clinical manifestations will the nurse expect to find in the client? Select all that apply.
A) Headache
B) Exertional dyspnea
C) Dizziness
D) Confusion
E) Tachycardia

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse is caring for a client...

Quiz 10: Mechanisms of Cell Injury and Aging

A community health nurse is teaching a class on the effects of heart injury. Which statement from class attendees indicates an appropriate understanding of the course material?

A nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Which statement will the nurse include when teaching the client about the condition?

A nurse is caring for a number of clients. Based on the site of injury, which client is at the most immediate risk for hypoxia-induced cell injury?

A nurse is educating a group of clients on the health risks of air pollution. Which client is at the greatest risk of exposure to air pollution?

A nurse is assessing the medical history of a client presenting for an office visit. Which assessment finding is most likely to indicate a possible injury to endothelial cells?

A nurse is providing dietary education for a client. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of dietary antioxidants?

A nurse is educating a client with cervical dysplasia diagnosed by Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. Which statement by the client requires further follow up by the nurse?

A nurse is caring for a client with gangrene present on the client's leg. What is the nurse's understanding of the client's condition? Select all that apply.

A nurse is performing an assessment on a client, and notes findings consistent with hypoxemia. Which manifestation suggest this diagnosis?

A nurse is performing follow up education for a client who recently underwent a punch biopsy procedure for suspected melanoma. Which statement by the client indicates appropriate understanding of melanin?

A nurse is caring for a premature newborn who has experienced oxidative stress when transitioning from fetal circulation to newborn circulation. Which conditions is the newborn at risk for developing? Select all that apply.

A nurse is caring for an older adult client in a long-term care facility. What is the nurse's understanding of replicative senescence?

A nurse is caring for a client with endometrial hyperplasia. What is the nurse's understanding of the condition of the client's endometrial cells?

A nurse is reviewing a client's pathology report which notes the presence of intracellular hyaline. What condition does the nurse identify as an example where intracellular hyaline may be present?

A nurse is performing an assessment on a client with acute ionizing radiation exposure. Which assessment findings does the nurse anticipate? Select all that apply.

A nurse is teaching a community health class about the causes of cancer. Which statement will the nurse include when teaching about the formation of cancer?

A nurse is educating a client who asks, "Why don't I get sick every time my body's cells are stressed?" How will the nurse respond?

A nurse educator is providing review of material to staff nurses regarding the process of inflammation. Which statement by the nurse indicates an understanding of the material? Select all that apply.

A nurse is performing an assessment on a client diagnosed with carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. Which assessment findings would the nurse anticipate? Select all that apply.

A nurse is caring for a client with a 15% carboxyhemoglobin level. Which clinical manifestations will the nurse expect to find in the client? Select all that apply.