Question 1

In comparison to boys, the generally lower level of self-esteem experienced by girls during adolescence tends to be accounted for by:

Accepted Answer

Girls often experience dissatisfaction with bodily changes during puberty, which can negatively impact their self-esteem.

Question 2

In contrast to the work she did alone last week on her own art project, when asked to rate the quality of the contribution of her work to a group project she and her peers are doing, it is expected that Jane would:

Accepted Answer

When working in a group, individuals often underestimate their own contributions due to the diffusion of responsibility and the presence of others' input, leading to a lower estimate of their own work compared to when they work alone.

Question 3

Cheryl is the lowest paid lawyer at an all male-law firm. Based on gender differences in self-evaluation, it is possible that her pay reflects:

Accepted Answer

Cheryl's pay may reflect her expectation to receive less compensation for her work (a) and her tendency to underestimate the value of her work (b). Additionally, it may also reflect the tendency of the males to overestimate the value of their work (c).

Question 4

You are a contestant on a game show where the quizmaster asks you the question, "Based on research done across a variety of cultures, what was the basic conclusion regarding gender differences in happiness?" To be the next million-dollar winner on the show, you answer:

Accepted Answer

Research generally indicates that men and women report similar levels of happiness across various cultures.

Question 5

What does the research on gender differences in suicidal behavior suggest?

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that females are more likely to attempt suicide than males, but males are more likely to die by suicide due to using more lethal methods.

Question 6

In a therapy session for depression, Ellen says to her therapist, "People don't like me because I am not pretty or funny enough." Such a statement is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Ellen's statement reflects a pessimistic style of thinking, where she attributes negative outcomes to her perceived personal shortcomings.

Question 7

As a language specialist in the local school district working with children in preschool to high school, you are likely to notice that:

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that girls often develop verbal skills earlier than boys, and boys are more frequently diagnosed with reading problems.

Question 8

Factors that have contributed to gender differences in verbal abilities include:

Accepted Answer

All three factors contribute to gender differences in verbal abilities: parental interaction styles, cultural contexts, and societal norms influence language development and reading skills.

Question 9

Arunn and his male classmates, who all live in India, score the highest in their region on a standardized reading comprehension test. In contrast, Patty and her female classmates, who all live in the United States, score the highest in their region on the same standardized reading test. The _____ can help us to account for cultural factors that might explain such gender differences in reading and other verbal abilities.

Accepted Answer

The "paradox of achievement" refers to situations where expected outcomes based on certain factors, like gender, do not align with actual performance, suggesting cultural influences.

Question 10

As a math specialist in the local school district working with children in preschool to high school, you are likely to notice that:

Accepted Answer

The answer of As a math specialist in the local...

Question 11

Suppose that because you know something about gender differences in math functioning, the school district has given you the assignment of providing training to new math teachers. To help create a more equal learning classroom environment, you instruct the teachers to:

Accepted Answer

To create a more equal learning environment, it's important to encourage girls to participate in discussions, consider careers in math, and take more math and science courses.

Question 12

Prior to taking a difficult math test, the effect of telling girls that the test produced gender differences was to:

Accepted Answer

Telling girls that a test produces gender differences can activate stereotype threat, leading to increased anxiety and decreased performance, resulting in poorer outcomes.

Question 13

The tendency for boys to be better able to fit pieces together in a puzzle box or complete a maze is a result of their _____ than girls.

Accepted Answer

Boys generally have greater visual-spatial ability, which helps them perform better in tasks like fitting pieces in a puzzle or completing a maze.

Question 14

The nature of the activities associated with the way boys and girls play has been used to account for gender differences in:

Accepted Answer

Boys and girls often engage in different types of play, with boys more frequently participating in activities that enhance visual-spatial skills, such as building or navigating spaces.

Question 15

A women comes home angry due to being passed over for a promotion once again because her boss assumes that as a mother of three children, she will put the care of her children over her dedication to the company. This illustrates a(n):

Accepted Answer

This situation illustrates an assumption based on a sex-role stereotype, where the boss assumes that the woman's role as a mother will interfere with her professional responsibilities.

Question 16

As a consultant to a group of personnel managers, you would advise your clients when evaluating the work of males and females to be aware of the tendency for work done by:

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that there is often a bias in evaluations where work done by women is evaluated less favorably than that done by men, due to gender stereotypes and biases.

Question 17

A female surgeon performs a complicated surgery in a record amount of time and with no complications the first time she ever attempts this operation. Such an unexpected performance is likely to:

Accepted Answer

The performance is likely to be attributed to the exceptional skills of this particular woman (choice B) and be evaluated more favorably than the same performance by a male (choice C).

Question 18

In a gender-neutral task, such as writing an essay about the importance of world peace, essays written by:

Accepted Answer

In a gender-neutral task, such as writing an essay about world peace, there should be no inherent bias based on gender, so men and women should be judged equally.

Question 19

You would expect to find the potential for more gender-bias when:

Accepted Answer

Gender bias is more likely in subjective evaluations, such as interpreting written or verbal answers, where personal biases can influence the assessment.

Question 20

Jane has just won first place in the junior high science fair. It is most likely that her success will be attributed to:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jane has just won first place in...

Quiz 12: Gender Identity and Personality: A Special Topic in the Self-Concept