Question 1

Pharmacokinetics is:

Accepted Answer

Pharmacokinetics involves the study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, which affects drug levels in the blood and how drugs reach their target in the body.

Question 2

Which of the following is the most correct sentence concerning intravenous administration of drugs?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous administration provides predictable blood levels because the drug is delivered directly into the bloodstream. Additionally, drugs administered intravenously bypass the first-pass metabolism that occurs in the liver.

Question 3

Some drugs have a low oral bioavailability due to extensive metabolism in the GI tract or liver. Which dosage form can be used to best avoid this complication?

Accepted Answer

Sublingual administration allows the drug to be absorbed directly into the bloodstream through the tissues under the tongue, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract and first-pass metabolism in the liver, thus increasing bioavailability.

Question 4

Concerning the enteral route of administration, the correct sentence is:

Accepted Answer

Enteral administration typically has lower bioavailability and slower onset compared to parenteral routes, and it is not suitable for unconscious patients.

Question 5

Which of the following preparations will give sustained drug delivery with prolonged duration of action?

Accepted Answer

Transdermal patches are designed to release drugs slowly over time, providing sustained drug delivery and prolonged duration of action.

Question 6

For a drug with a narrow therapeutic index, the plasma concentration required for therapeutic effects is near the concentration that produces toxic effects, and such a drug require routine plasma monitoring.

Accepted Answer

Drugs with a narrow therapeutic index have a small margin between effective and toxic doses, necessitating routine plasma monitoring to ensure safety and efficacy.

Question 7

All of the following statements are true about intranasal route of administration EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The intranasal route is not limited to drugs for respiratory conditions; it is also used for systemic drugs like hormones and vaccines.

Question 8

Variation in cytochrome P450 enzyme profile between individuals can explain individual variation in drug susceptibility.

Accepted Answer

Cytochrome P450 enzymes are responsible for metabolizing many drugs, and genetic variations in these enzymes can lead to differences in how individuals process medications, affecting drug efficacy and susceptibility.

Question 9

If the plasma concentration of a drug declines with "first-order kinetics," this means that:

Accepted Answer

In first-order kinetics, the rate of drug elimination is proportional to the drug concentration, resulting in a constant half-life regardless of the plasma concentration.

Question 10

In relation to the therapeutic window of a drug, which of the following sentences is true:

Accepted Answer

It is a range of concentration that determines both the safety and efficacy of drugs.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is the closest description of Phase! metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Phase I metabolism involves reactions that introduce or expose a polar functional group on a drug, often through oxidation, reduction, or hydrolysis.

Question 12

The term of pharmacokinetics includes all of the following EXCEPT?

Accepted Answer

Clinical response to a drug (toxicity and efficacy) is not included in the term of pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics deals with the quantitative aspects of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

Question 13

The volume of distribution (Va) for a drug highly bound to plasma protein as compared to others would be?

Accepted Answer

Drugs that are highly bound to plasma proteins have a lower volume of distribution because they remain in the bloodstream and are not distributed extensively into tissues.

Question 14

Factors associated with drug absorption that can result in incomplete absorption

Accepted Answer

Drug metabolism by gastrointestinal flora, drug instability in gastric acid, and the presence of food in the GI tract can all result in incomplete drug absorption.

Question 15

Patient's age may affect a drug elimination

Accepted Answer

Age can influence drug metabolism and excretion due to changes in liver and kidney function, which can affect drug elimination.

Question 16

Warfarin is metabolized by CYP450, and rifampicin is CYP450 inducer. Administration of warfarin and rifampicin together will

Accepted Answer

Rifampicin induces CYP450 enzymes, increasing the metabolism of warfarin, which decreases its therapeutic effectiveness.

Question 17

Dose adjustment is needed in the following situation EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Dose adjustment is typically not required for patients with lung diseases unless the medication specifically affects the respiratory system. Adjustments are more commonly needed for elderly, newborns, and those with renal, hepatic, or heart issues due to altered drug metabolism and excretion.

Question 18

A type of absorption is called () Appears to depend on an oscillating carrier protein, depends on concentration gradient, no energy required. For a few drugs movement occurs faster than predicted.

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion involves an oscillating carrier protein, depends on a concentration gradient, requires no energy, and can move substances faster than predicted due to the involvement of specific carrier proteins.

Question 19

In case of severe renal dysfunction, the duration of action of most drugs:

Accepted Answer

In severe renal dysfunction, the excretion of drugs is impaired, leading to accumulation in the body and thus increasing the duration of action of most drugs.

Question 20

The onset of effect for a drug given orally is the time for the drug to:

Accepted Answer

The onset of effect for a drug given orally is when it reaches the minimum effective concentration, which is the lowest concentration at which the drug begins to produce its therapeutic effect.

Quiz 1: Understanding Pharmacokinetics and Drug Administration