Question 1

Which of the following would be an indicator that a child has acquired the semiotic function?

Accepted Answer

The semiotic function is the ability to use symbols, signs, or objects to represent something else. Sasha's pretend play with the bowl and spoon indicates she can use objects to represent other things, showing she has acquired the semiotic function.

Question 2

What cognitive milestone is a child who understands that a banana is a fruit and so is a cherry demonstrating?

Accepted Answer

B

Question 3

In early childhood, which schemes develop faster?

Accepted Answer

Figurative schemes, which involve the representation of objects and events, develop faster in early childhood as children begin to understand and interpret the world around them.

Question 4

While figurative schemes are developed through observation and increased verbal knowledge, what helps operative schemes to develop?

Accepted Answer

Operative schemes develop through brain maturation, practicing the scheme, and receiving information from others, as these factors contribute to the ability to perform and refine actions and processes.

Question 5

During which stage of cognitive development do children's figurative schemes grow rapidly?

Accepted Answer

During the preoperational stage, which occurs from ages 2 to 7, children's language and symbolic thinking develop rapidly, leading to an expansion of their figurative schemes.

Question 6

When a young child is talking on the phone with someone and says, "look at my birds," holding the phone towards her parakeets and assuming that the other person can see what she sees, she is demonstrating what characteristic?

Accepted Answer

Egocentrism is a characteristic of young children where they are unable to differentiate between their own perspective and that of others, assuming others share their viewpoint.

Question 7

What is egocentrism?

Accepted Answer

Egocentrism is a developmental stage where a child believes that others see the world exactly as they do, reflecting a limited ability to understand perspectives different from their own.

Question 8

Which characteristic is the young child who believes his stuffed animals are truly alive demonstrating?

Accepted Answer

Animism is the belief that inanimate objects, like stuffed animals, have feelings, thoughts, and qualities of living beings, which is common in young children.

Question 9

If I have 4-year-old Juan fill a tall cylinder with water up to the two cup mark and a short, wide cylinder up to the two cup mark and I ask him to tell me which cylinder has more water, what is he most likely to say?

Accepted Answer

Young children often rely on perceptual cues such as height to judge quantity, so Juan is likely to think the taller cylinder has more water.

Question 10

If I open two packages of clay of the same amount but roll one into a ball, why would 3-year- old Sydney think I was giving her sister Sarah more as I hand her the long piece?

Accepted Answer

Sydney has not developed conservation, which is the understanding that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape or appearance.

Question 11

A child who has not developed conservation is thinking in what manner?

Accepted Answer

A child who has not developed conservation is using transductive logic, which involves reasoning from specific cases to specific cases, often leading to incorrect conclusions.

Question 12

In the development of theory of mind, the child first understands, "I know that you know." What is the next step that happens around age 5 to age 7 that lets the child believe that "You know that I know."

Accepted Answer

The next step in the development of theory of mind is understanding that knowledge is reciprocal, meaning the child realizes that others can also have knowledge about their own thoughts and beliefs.

Question 13

What two things help young children to understand theory of mind?

Accepted Answer

D  Pretend play and language help children express and understand feelings, which are crucial for developing theory of mind. Secure attachment and prosocial modeling provide a supportive environment for understanding others' perspectives.

Question 14

What does theory of mind or reciprocal thinking allow children to experience socially?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What does theory of mind or reciprocal...

Question 15

Where do children develop theory of mind?

Accepted Answer

Theory of mind develops universally in children across different cultures and environments, as it is a fundamental aspect of human cognitive development.

Question 16

What is short-term storage space (STSS)?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is short-term storage space (STSS)?
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Question 17

What is the maximum number of schemes that can be processed in working memory at one time called?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the maximum number of schemes...

Question 18

What would information processing theorists call the steps a child goes through to get dressed such as put on shirt and pull down, put on pants, then put on socks and shoes?

Accepted Answer

Scripts refer to the sequence of actions or steps that are expected in particular contexts, such as getting dressed.

Question 19

What is understanding about and control of memory processes called?

Accepted Answer

Metamemory refers to the awareness and understanding of one's own memory processes, including the ability to monitor and control them.

Question 20

What is a child who knows that they can recall three things from a grocery list but not a longer list demonstrating?

Accepted Answer

The child is demonstrating metamemory, which is an awareness of one's own memory capabilities and strategies that can aid memory.

Quiz 8: Cognitive Development in Early Childhood