Question 1

According to the Supreme Court decisions in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke and the two University of Michigan cases noted in the chapter, what sorts of affirmative action programs for admission to public universities are permissible, and what sorts are not?

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Question 2

What did the Supreme Court do in 2001 that caused advocates for the rights of the disabled to become concerned about the ADA and other civil rights legislation? What steps did the Supreme Court and Congress take shortly thereafter to ensure that the ADA would still be effective?

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Question 3

The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) has ruled that it is contrary to law to create a work environment that is __________, and the courts have used this standard in deciding sexual harassment cases.

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Question 4

Outline an affirmative action program for public university admissions that would pass constitutional muster.

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Question 5

What did the Supreme Court decide in Loving v. Virginia (1967)? What was public opinion on the issue before and after this ruling? Does this say anything about whether the federal government should be a role model for the promotion of civil rights for gays and lesbians by approving same-sex marriage?

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Question 6

The constitutionality of a law establishing a public elementary school open only to African American students from poor neighborhoods would be determined by the Supreme Court's application of the __________ standard of review.

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Question 7

What rights are guaranteed to disabled Americans under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)? What infrastructure must be created to ensure these rights?

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Question 8

In 1964, Congress passed the __________ to help keep the promise of the Fourteenth Amendment.

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Question 9

What are civil rights? What does the Constitution say about them? Why did the idea of civil rights appear comparatively late in the development of the United States?

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Question 10

In a city where many people with children have moved to the suburbs, the city might have difficulty in achieving __________ without some kind of student assignment strategy.

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Question 11

Because of the Supreme Court's decision in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, an affirmative action program that uses racial __________ would likely be deemed unconstitutional.

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Question 12

In order to make it hard for poor blacks to vote without falling afoul of the Fifteenth Amendment, many southern states required citizens to pay __________, which disproportionately disenfranchised African Americans.

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Question 13

Describe the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Why were they necessary, given that the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments were enacted decades beforehand?

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Question 14

__________ programs are designed to help remedy continued inequality by giving special treatment to members of previously discriminated-against groups.

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Question 15

Describe the statutory techniques used in the South to render the Fifteenth Amendment's voting guarantees ineffectual for African Americans. When statutory techniques did not work, whites resorted to terror. What forms did intimidation through terror take? How long did preventing voting through terror last?

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Question 16

How did the "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" policy in 1993 come about? What is the current status of the policy? What was the point of the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) passed by Congress in 1996? What is the current status of that act?

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Question 17

__________ are government guarantees of equality for people in the United States regarding the courts, political participation, treatment by public officials, and access to benefits accorded to other citizens.

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Question 18

What two important acts did the federal government pass in the 1960s to force the South to abolish Jim Crow laws and abide by the Fourteenth and Fifteenth amendments to the Constitution? Do you think it is possible that further intervention by the federal government will be needed in the future to enforce the civil rights of African Americans? Why or why not?

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Question 19

Make an argument for interpreting the Fourteenth Amendment as supporting the right of gays and lesbians to get married to their same-sex partners.

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Question 20

The __________ is the government agency that hears complaints filed by those who believe they have been sexually harassed at work.

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Quiz 16: Civil Rights: the Struggle for Political Equality