Question 1

A Type I error occurs when the researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis when the alternative hypothesis is true.

Accepted Answer

A type I error occurs when the researcher rejects the null hypothesis when it is true.

Question 2

Which graphical application shows a frequency distribution in which the height of a bar corresponds to the frequency of a category?

Accepted Answer

A histogram is a graphical display in which the height of each bar corresponds to the frequency of a category. It is commonly used to show the distribution of numerical data.

Question 3

Which of the following is the appropriate technique for addressing research questions involving relationships among multiple variables that are measured with a less-than interval scale?

Accepted Answer

Cross-tabulation is the appropriate technique for addressing research questions involving relationships among multiple variables that are measured with a less-than interval scale. It allows for the examination of the frequency of occurrence of different combinations of values for the variables.

Question 4

A researcher interested in a data matrix that displays the frequency of some combination of possible responses to multiple variables should construct a ____.

Accepted Answer

A contingency table displays the frequency of some combination of possible responses to multiple variables. Marginal table only displays the frequency distribution of one variable, while a perceptual map is used to visualize the relationships between different brands or products based on different attributes. A regression equation is used to predict or model the relationship between variables.

Question 5

Counting the number of responses to questions in a survey by hand is called ____.

Accepted Answer

Tallying involves the process of counting the number of responses to questions in a survey by hand. Indexing involves creating an organized list of information, collating involves sorting and organizing information, and moderating involves facilitating discussions or interactions.

Question 6

The transformation of raw data into a form that makes the data easier to understand and to interpret is called ____.

Accepted Answer

Descriptive analysis involves organizing, summarizing, and presenting data in a way that is easy to understand and interpret. Outlier analysis, computer mapping, and box and whisker plotting are specific techniques or methods that may be used in descriptive analysis, but they do not encompass the entire process.

Question 7

The number of respondents or observations (in a row or column)used as a basis for computing percentages in a contingency table is referred to as the ____.

Accepted Answer

The statistical base is the number of respondents or observations used as a basis for computing percentages in a contingency table. It is also referred to as the sample size or subtotal.

Question 8

The t-test is appropriate for small sample sizes with unknown standard deviations.

Accepted Answer

The t-test is designed to work with small sample sizes with unknown standard deviations, making it a useful tool in many research situations.

Question 9

Suppose 60 males are asked if they recognize the brand name,"Focus," and 35 of them correctly identify the product as a model of Ford's product line.The proportion of the sample who recognize this brand name is approximately ____.

Accepted Answer

The proportion is calculated as the number of males who recognize the brand name divided by the total number of males asked, which is 35/60. This simplifies to 0.5833, which when converted to a percentage is approximately 58%.

Question 10

Counting the different ways respondents answered a question and arranging them in a simple summary form yields a(n)____.

Accepted Answer

A marginal tabulation is a summary of the number of respondents who gave each response option to a question. It provides a simple way to understand the distribution of responses and is often used in survey analysis. Elaboration analysis and index analysis refer to more complex forms of data analysis, while spurious analysis refers to an erroneous relationship between two variables that appears to exist but is actually due to chance.

Question 11

Carlos is examining the row and column totals in a contingency table.What are these called?

Accepted Answer

The row and column totals in a contingency table are called marginals.

Question 12

If a researcher wants to summarize the responses of subjects by gender and awareness of a particular brand ("Yes" or "No"),he or she should use a ____ contingency table.

Accepted Answer

A 2 x 2 contingency table is appropriate when categorizing responses by two variables - in this case gender and brand awareness (Yes or No). This type of table allows for easy comparison of the two groups and identification of any significant relationships or patterns.

Question 13

The nature of the problem the researcher wishes to answer will determine which ____ will serve as a base for computing percentages.

Accepted Answer

Marginal totals represent the total frequency or count of a variable, which can serve as the base for computing percentages. The independent variable, dependent variable, and column mean are not suitable choices as a base for percentages.

Question 14

The researcher examining descriptive statistics for any particular variable is using which type of statistics?

Accepted Answer

Descriptive statistics are used to describe and summarize characteristics of a single variable, therefore univariate statistics are being used. The other options do not accurately describe the use of descriptive statistics.

Question 15

The researcher who uses a sample rather than the entire population runs the risk of committing two types of errors: primary errors and secondary errors.

Accepted Answer

the two types of errors are type I and type II errors.

Question 16

An arrangement of data that shows the number of times each category occurs is called a(n)____ table.

Accepted Answer

A frequency table displays the number of times each category occurs in a dataset. Cross-tabulation is a method of comparing two or more variables and their frequencies. Percentage table is used to show the percentage of cases in each category. Pre-coding refers to the process of assigning codes to categorical variables before data collection.

Question 17

The term p-value stands for power-value.

Accepted Answer

the term stands for probability-value.

Question 18

Examining responses to the question "Have you ever purchased a ticket online for an American Airlines flight?" by looking at subgroups based on gender and zip code is an example of ____.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of elaboration analysis, which involves looking at subgroups or demographics to explore patterns or differences in behavior or opinions. It is not related to box and whisker plot analysis, index numbers, or interquartile analysis.

Question 19

The orderly arrangement of data in a summary format showing the number of responses to each response category is called ____.

Accepted Answer

Tabulation is the process of presenting data in an organized manner, typically in a table or chart format, to make it easier to interpret and analyze. The frequency refers to the number of times a particular response category appears in the data, which is typically calculated as part of the tabulation process. Analysis and interpretation involve deeper examination and explanation of the data, but they depend on the accuracy and clarity of the tabulated results.

Question 20

A Type II error occurs when the researcher rejects the null hypothesis when,in fact,it is true.

Accepted Answer

this is a type I error.A type II error is caused by failing to reject the null hypothesis when the alternative hypothesis is true.

Quiz 14: Basic Data Analysis