Question 1

Which of the following is involved in modifying,sorting,and shipping proteins?

Accepted Answer

The Golgi complex is responsible for modifying, sorting, and shipping proteins. It is involved in adding carbohydrate groups to proteins (glycosylation), sorting proteins into vesicles, and shipping them to different parts of the cell or outside of the cell. The mitochondria are responsible for generating ATP, the endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis and folding, and lysosomes are responsible for breaking down cellular waste.

Question 2

The outer lining of a cell is the:

Accepted Answer

The plasma membrane is the outer covering of a cell that separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment. The cytosol is the fluid inside the cell, the cytoskeleton is a network of protein fibers inside the cell that helps maintain its shape and support, and the nucleus is the control center of the cell that contains genetic information. Therefore, B is the best choice as it correctly identifies the outer surface of a cell.

Question 3

A secretory protein that exits from the ER within a vesicle will head directly to the:

Accepted Answer

Proteins that exit the ER within vesicles are transported to the Golgi complex, where they undergo further processing and sorting before being targeted to their final destination, which may include the plasma membrane, lysosomes, or secretion outside of the cell. Therefore, the best choice is D) Golgi complex.

Question 4

Which of the following is a function of the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

The nucleolus is responsible for synthesizing ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and assembling ribosomes, which are essential for protein synthesis. It does not allow mRNA to leave the nucleus, nor does it act as the site of DNA synthesis or attach polysaccharides to proteins. While mRNA is produced in the nucleus, it is not synthesized in the nucleolus.

Question 5

Prokaryotic cells include:

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells are defined by the absence of a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Bacteria and archaea are the two main groups of prokaryotes. Therefore, choice C is the best answer. Choice A and B are incorrect because animal and plant cells are eukaryotic, not prokaryotic. Choice D is incorrect because fungi are also eukaryotic.

Question 6

Cells can increase the number or size of some organelles in response to new demands.The amount of one organelle often is increased dramatically in the livers of alcoholics.Based on what you know of organelle function,this organelle is the:

Accepted Answer

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is responsible for detoxifying drugs and alcohol. In the livers of alcoholics, the demand for SER to detoxify the excess alcohol increases. Therefore, the amount of SER increases dramatically in the livers of alcoholics.

Question 7

Cells contain organized structures that perform a specific function.These are known as:

Accepted Answer

Organelles are organized structures found within the cell that perform specific functions. Organs and tissues are structures found within multicellular organisms that are made up of multiple cells, while cytoplasm is the gel-like substance that fills the cell. Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms that do not contain organelles.

Question 8

Many antibiotics work by blocking the function of ribosomes.Therefore,these antibiotics will:

Accepted Answer

Antibiotics that block the function of ribosomes prevent protein synthesis. Ribosomes are cellular structures responsible for translating the genetic code stored in RNA into proteins. By blocking the function of ribosomes, antibiotics prevent bacteria from producing the proteins they need to survive and replicate. Blocking DNA synthesis (A) or RNA synthesis (C) would not directly affect protein synthesis. Preventing the movement of proteins through nuclear pores (D) and making the two nuclear membranes fuse into one (E) are not related to the function of ribosomes or the mechanism of action of antibiotics.

Question 9

Proteins destined to be secreted by the cell are produced:

Accepted Answer

Proteins destined for secretion are typically synthesized on the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is studded with ribosomes. As the newly synthesized protein enters the lumen of the ER, it can undergo further modification and folding before being transported to the Golgi complex and ultimately secreted from the cell.

Question 10

Insulin is a protein made in large amounts in cells of the pancreas.These cells secrete insulin into the blood,where it controls the uptake of sugar by body cells.How is insulin transported from the ER to the surface of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Insulin is carried in small sacs of membrane (vesicles) that move from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus and then to the plasma membrane. This is called the secretory pathway, which includes the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and secretory vesicles. Insulin is synthesized on ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum, then packaged into vesicles that move to the Golgi apparatus for further processing and sorting before being transported to the plasma membrane for secretion.

Question 11

Prokaryotic cells lack:

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack internal compartmentalization, which means they do not have membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria, chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum, etc. The genetic material in prokaryotic cells is present in a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region, which is not separated from the rest of the cell by a nuclear membrane. Prokaryotic cells do have DNA, ribosomes, and proteins.

Question 12

The function of ribosomes is to synthesize:

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis through the process of translation, in which mRNA is used as a template to construct proteins from amino acids.

Question 13

Which of the following describes the difference between the cytoplasm and the cytosol?

Accepted Answer

The cytoplasm is the entire region inside the plasma membrane but outside the nucleus, including both the fluid medium (cytosol) and organelles. The cytosol is the specific term used to refer to the fluid medium portion of the cytoplasm. Therefore, choice A correctly distinguishes between the two terms. Choice B is incorrect because the cytoplasm does not include the nucleus. Choice C is incorrect because the cytosol is not outside the nucleus, and choice D is incorrect because the cytosol is not inside the nucleus.

Question 14

Which of the following expresses an accurate difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotes do not have a true nucleus, while eukaryotes have a well-defined nucleus that contains the genetic material. This is one of the key distinguishing features between these two types of cells. B is incorrect because eukaryotes do have organelles such as mitochondria, chloroplasts, and endoplasmic reticulum. C is incorrect because some eukaryotes can be multicellular, while most prokaryotes are unicellular. D is incorrect because prokaryotes are generally smaller than eukaryotes.

Question 15

Which choice below correctly matches organelle with function?

Accepted Answer

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for lipid production and metabolism.

Answer: C
 Mitochondria are responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP through the process of cellular respiration.

Therefore, the correct choices are B and C.

Question 16

The function of the nucleus is to:

Accepted Answer

The nucleus is the organelle that contains the DNA, the genetic information of the cell. It is responsible for controlling and regulating cellular functions such as cellular division and protein synthesis.

Question 17

You isolate a cell with the following characteristics: (1)no nucleus,(2)only a single type of organelle,and (3)2 μm in size.This cell could be a/an:

Accepted Answer

The characteristics described indicate a prokaryotic cell, which lacks a nucleus and contains only a single type of organelle (in this case, likely a ribosome). Bacteria are the most well-known example of prokaryotic cells, and their small size (typically on the order of micrometers) matches the size described. Plant and animal cells, on the other hand, are eukaryotic cells and are typically larger and more complex in structure.

Question 18

What determines whether a protein will be produced on a "free ribosome" or on one attached to the endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What determines whether a protein will be...

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct order of events in a cell?

Accepted Answer

The central dogma of molecular biology states that DNA makes RNA, which in turn makes protein. This means that the correct order of events in a cell is for DNA to first make RNA (through transcription), and then for RNA to make protein (through translation). Option E correctly represents this sequence of events.

Question 20

________ are the fundamental units of life.

Accepted Answer

Cells are the smallest and most basic structural and functional units of life. They are capable of performing all the functions required for an organism to survive and reproduce. Organelles are structures within cells that perform specific functions, but they are not considered the fundamental unit of life. Tissues are collections of cells with similar structure and function that work together, but they are not the basic unit of life either. Organisms are made up of multiple cells and are not considered the fundamental unit of life.

Quiz 4: Lifes Home: the Cell