Question 1

An increase in CVP during inspiration most likely is caused by:

Accepted Answer

A positive-pressure breath will cause the CVP to increase during inspiration.

Question 2

The CVP catheter insertion site that provides both stability after placement and accurate hemodynamic information is the _____ vein.

Accepted Answer

The subclavian vein is the most popular site for placement of a CVP line because of its stability.

Question 3

What change is seen on the CVP waveform when the patient takes a spontaneous deep breath?

Accepted Answer

A deep spontaneous breath causes intrathoracic pressure to drop significantly.

Question 4

What does the dicrotic notch represent on an arterial pressure waveform?

Accepted Answer

The dicrotic notch represents aortic valve closure, which occurs as the ventricles relax.

Question 5

During systole, the CVP v waveform is exaggerated and the CVP increases.This most likely is due to:

Accepted Answer

Tricuspid regurgitation causes blood to leak backward into the right atria, making the v wave more pronounced.

Question 6

Monitoring of the CVP is indicated when there is a need to assess:

Accepted Answer

CVP monitoring can provide important information on the amount of circulating blood volume, degree of venous return, and right ventricular function.

Question 7

The CVP represents:

Accepted Answer

The CVP represents the right ventricular preload, pressure in the right atrium, and right ventricular end-diastolic pressure.

Question 8

Complications of direct arterial monitoring include all the following except:

Accepted Answer

Direct arterial cannulation is not likely to cause hypotension.

Question 9

Which of the following techniques is used most commonly to insert an arterial pressure monitoring catheter?

Accepted Answer

The Seldinger technique is most popular for placement of an arterial line.

Question 10

Arterial cannulation is indicated for all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

Arterial cannulation is not needed to assess cardiac output.

Question 11

The a wave would be absent in which of the following dysrhythmias?

Accepted Answer

The a wave represents atrial contraction. In atrial fibrillation, there is no atrial contraction.

Question 12

When the water manometer is used to measure the CVP, the reading usually is taken at:

Accepted Answer

The influence of pleural pressure changes on the CVP is least at end-exhalation.

Question 13

Both the CVP and the pulmonary artery wedge pressure waveforms have three waves for each cycle, namely:

Accepted Answer

The CVP pressure tracing normally has three waves: a, c, and v.

Question 14

What will the MAP be if the systolic blood pressure is 140 mm Hg and the diastolic blood pressure is 80 mm Hg?

Accepted Answer

The equation is: 11ea4b05_ea57_221a_ab93_41586635e274_TB4069_11 × Pulse pressure + Diastolic pressure = MAP

Question 15

Which of the following is not an advantage of using the internal jugular vein as the insertion site for the central venous catheter?

Accepted Answer

The internal jugular vein is not a popular site for placement of a CVP line, because the tubing is not stable at this site.

Question 16

The pulse pressure is important hemodynamically because it is an indication of:

Accepted Answer

The pulse pressure is determined primarily by the stroke volume of the left ventricle.

Question 17

Circulation to the vital organs (kidneys, coronary arteries) may be compromised if the MAP falls to below _____ mm Hg.

Accepted Answer

The MAP must remain above 60 mm Hg if perfusion to all vital organs is to be maintained.

Question 18

The most common site for arterial catheterization is the _____ artery.

Accepted Answer

The radial artery is the most popular site for placement of an arterial line because it can be stabilized easily and collateral circulation is available should a clot develop.

Question 19

When vasodilators such as sodium nitroprusside are administered, it is important to monitor the fall in blood pressure because low blood pressure can:

Accepted Answer

Hypotension can lead to poor coronary artery blood flow and cardiac ischemia.

Question 20

An exaggerated v wave would be found in which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer