Question 1

"Procedural due process" has three components. They include:

Accepted Answer

Procedural due process includes all three components of proper notice, opportunity to be heard and present a case, and a fair hearing. Therefore, D, "All of the above," is the correct answer.

Question 2

U.S. Supreme Court cases…

Accepted Answer

D

Question 3

Which U.S. Supreme Court case clarified the application of the Miranda warning to juvenile offenders.

Accepted Answer

Fare v. Michael C. clarified that the Miranda warning is applicable to juveniles in the same way it applies to adults. It established that law enforcement must inform juveniles of their Miranda rights before any interrogation, and that a waiver of those rights must be made voluntarily, knowingly, and intelligently.

Question 4

School officials may conduct a search of a student's property if they…

Accepted Answer

The answer of School officials may conduct a search of...

Question 5

In which U.S. Supreme Court case did the Court rule the standard of evidence for adjudication of delinquency should be "proof beyond a reasonable doubt?"

Accepted Answer

The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in the case of In re Winship (1970) that the standard of evidence for adjudication of delinquency should be "proof beyond a reasonable doubt."

Question 6

In which U.S. Supreme Court case did the Court rule juveniles were not entitled to a jury trial?

Accepted Answer

In McKiever v. Pennsylvania in 1971, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that juveniles were not entitled to a jury trial.

Question 7

Which U.S. Supreme Court case is significant because it was the first Supreme Court case to "modify" the longstanding belief that juveniles did not require the same due process as adults?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which U.S. Supreme Court case is significant...

Question 8

Most common "purpose clauses" among states today have components of balanced and restorative justice that give equal attention to…

Accepted Answer

Most common "purpose clauses" among states today include components of balanced and restorative justice that give equal attention to public safety, individual accountability to victims, and development of skills to help the offenders live law-abiding lives. Therefore, the correct answer is D, all of the above.

Question 9

A juvenile's background and social history…

Accepted Answer

A juvenile's background and social history are considered of equal importance with the offense in making case decisions.

Question 10

In which U.S. Supreme Court case did the Court rule double jeopardy does apply to adjudication hearings as soon as evidence is presented?

Accepted Answer

Breed v. Jones established that double jeopardy applies to adjudicatory hearings in juvenile court, meaning that if a juvenile is found delinquent in a juvenile court proceeding, they cannot be tried again as an adult for the same offense.

Question 11

The U.S. Supreme Court has used the test of ___________ to determine whether a school can deny a student the right to freedom of expression.

Accepted Answer

The Supreme Court has used the "material and substantial disruption" test to determine whether a school can deny a student the right to freedom of expression. This means that if the student's expression creates a significant disruption to the educational environment, the school may restrict that expression.

Question 12

Under law, elements necessary in order to find a person guilty of a crime include:

Accepted Answer

In order to find a person guilty of a crime, both criminal intent (also known as mens rea) and a criminal act (also known as actus reus) must be present. The degree of impact on society is not a necessary element in determining guilt. Therefore, the best choice is D, A & C.

Question 13

"Absence of legal guilt" refers to:

Accepted Answer

(A) is true for juveniles, but it does not specifically refer to "absence of legal guilt." (B) is also true but does not fully capture the concept, as "delinquent" is not the same as "not guilty." (C) is directly related to the concept of absence of legal guilt, but it is not the only factor, as there are other defenses against criminal responsibility. Therefore, the best answer is (D), which includes all three options and covers the concept of absence of legal guilt in the juvenile justice system.

Question 14

Which of the following is "not" what states base their "purpose clauses" on:

Accepted Answer

States do not base their purpose clauses on the Bill of Rights, as the Bill of Rights refers to the first ten amendments of the US Constitution which focus on protecting the individual liberties of citizens from the federal government. Purpose clauses for state systems, such as juvenile court systems, are established through state legislation and model acts like the Standard Juvenile Court Act and Legislative Guide for Drafting Family and Juvenile Courts Act, which outline the guiding principles and goals for the state's juvenile justice system. Balanced and Restorative Justice is another model that some states may use to guide their purpose clauses, with an emphasis on repairing harm to victims, promoting accountability for offenders, and engaging the community.

Question 15

Miranda is based on which Amendment?

Accepted Answer

Miranda is based on the Fifth Amendment which protects an individual from self-incrimination. The Miranda Rights require that law enforcement officials inform a suspect of their right to remain silent and their right to an attorney.

Question 16

"Mens rea" means:

Accepted Answer

"Mens rea" is a Latin term that translates to "guilty mind" in English. It refers to the mental state of a person when they commit a crime, including their intention, knowledge, and awareness of the wrongdoing.

Question 17

The U.S. Supreme Court in Tinker v. Des Moines reminded educators and school boards that…

Accepted Answer

In Tinker v. Des Moines, the Supreme Court ruled that students in and out of school are "persons" under the Constitution and are entitled to certain constitutional rights, such as the right to free speech, as long as such speech does not cause a substantial disruption to the educational process. The Court also emphasized that a school may only restrict this First Amendment right if it can show that the speech would cause a substantial disruption to the learning environment. Therefore, options A and B are incorrect as they suggest that students do not have any constitutional rights and are subject to being controlled by school officials.

Question 18

Corporal punishment in schools has not been found to violate the Eighth Amendment against cruel and unusual punishment as long as…

Accepted Answer

The Supreme Court has held that corporal punishment in schools does not necessarily violate the Eighth Amendment, as long as it is not excessive and reasonably related to educational objectives. This means that school officials must be able to show that the punishment serves a legitimate educational purpose and is not overly severe, given the nature of the offense. The other answer choices are incorrect as they do not reflect the current legal standard for corporal punishment in schools.

Question 19

Which U.S. Supreme Court case ruled that in cases that could result in commitment to an institution, juveniles have the right to notice and counsel, to question witnesses, and to protection against self-incrimination?

Accepted Answer

The U.S. Supreme Court case that ruled juveniles have the right to notice and counsel, to question witnesses, and to protection against self-incrimination in cases that could result in commitment to an institution is In re Gault.

Question 20

The Supreme Court Case Fare v. Michael C. established the standard for application of the Miranda warning to juveniles. That standard is:

Accepted Answer

The Supreme Court case Fare v. Michael C. established that the standard for the application of the Miranda warning to juveniles includes all the mentioned aspects: it applies the same way as it does for adults, it only applies when juveniles are in custody, and suspects (including juveniles) can ask for silence and the presence of a lawyer.

Quiz 7: Due Process and Juveniles Rights