Question 1

Excess secretion of growth hormone during early development will cause

Accepted Answer

Excess secretion of growth hormone during early development will cause gigantism, which is characterized by excessive growth and height.

Question 2

The main action of antidiuretic hormone is

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, acts primarily on the kidneys to increase water conservation by promoting water reabsorption in the renal collecting ducts. This leads to a decrease in urine output and an increase in the concentration of urine. ADH can also cause vasoconstriction, which can increase blood pressure, but its primary action is on water balance in the body. Choices B, C, D, and E are all incorrect because they do not accurately describe the main action of ADH.

Question 3

The two lobes of the pituitary gland together produce or store how many hormones?

Accepted Answer

The pituitary gland has two lobes: the anterior and posterior. The anterior lobe produces six hormones, and the posterior lobe stores two hormones, totaling nine hormones.

Question 4

The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis. ACTH stimulates the adrenal gland to produce corticosteroids, MSH regulates pigmentation, prolactin promotes milk production, and insulin regulates blood sugar levels.

Question 5

Which of the following hormones may lead to acromegaly if hypersecreted after closure of the epiphysealplates?

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly is a condition characterized by excessive growth hormone secretion after closure of the epiphyseal plates, leading to enlargement of bones in the hands, feet, and face. Cortisol does not stimulate bone growth, parathyroid hormone plays a role in calcium regulation, insulin does not affect bone growth, and epinephrine does not have a long-term effect on growth.

Question 6

The posterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the

Accepted Answer

The neurohypophysis is the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. It is a continuation of the hypothalamus and consists of nerve fibers and endings, which secrete the hormones oxytocin and vasopressin into the bloodstream. The other options are incorrect. The basal ganglion is a group of nuclei located in the brain, the infundibulum is a stalk that connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus, the adenohypophysis is the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, and the mesencephalon is part of the midbrain.

Question 7

The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex is

Accepted Answer

The hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex is adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which is produced by the anterior pituitary gland. ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to release cortisol, which is one of the glucocorticoids.

Question 8

Growth hormone does all of the following except

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone promotes bone and muscle growth, spares glucose, and promotes amino acid uptake by cells. However, it does not promote cortisol release. In fact, growth hormone can actually inhibit cortisol release.

Question 9

The term used to describe excess production of urine is

Accepted Answer

Polyuria is the medical term used to describe the excessive production of urine. This can be a symptom of various medical conditions such as diabetes or kidney disease.

Choice B (polydipsia) refers to excessive thirst, not urine production.
Choice C (hematuria) refers to the presence of blood in the urine.
Choice D (glycosuria) refers to the presence of glucose in the urine, which can be a sign of uncontrolled diabetes.
Choice E (polyphagia) refers to excessive hunger, not urine production.

Question 10

The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is

Accepted Answer

TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) is specifically responsible for triggering the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland. ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) stimulates the release of cortisol from the adrenal gland, FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone) control reproductive functions, and GH (growth hormone) stimulates growth and cell replication.

Question 11

After brain surgery, a patient receiving postoperative care in an intensive care unit began to pass large volumes of very dilute urine. The ICU nurse administered a medicine that mimics one of the following hormones. Which one?

Accepted Answer

The patient is experiencing diabetes insipidus which is characterized by the excessive excretion of very dilute urine due to the lack of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) secretion or its ineffective action. The nurse would administer a medicine that mimics the effect of ADH, such as desmopressin, to decrease urine output and prevent dehydration.

Question 12

The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is

Accepted Answer

Prolactin is the pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands.

Question 13

All of the following are true of oxytocin except?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin is produced in the hypothalamus, but it is not stored in the anterior pituitary. Rather, it is transported via nerve fibers to the posterior pituitary where it is stored and released into the bloodstream when necessary.

Question 14

The hormone(s) that may be slowly administered by intravenous drip to accelerate labor and delivery is/are

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin is a hormone that causes contractions in the uterus, which can help to accelerate labor and delivery. It is often administered slowly by intravenous drip in cases where labor is progressing slowly or if it needs to be induced. Prolactin, luteinizing hormone, and follicle stimulating hormone are not typically used to accelerate labor and delivery.

Question 15

Each of the following hormones is produced by the pars distalis of the adenohypophysis except

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin is not produced by the pars distalis of the adenohypophysis. It is produced by the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei in the hypothalamus and is stored in the posterior pituitary gland. The other hormones listed (FSH, TSH, corticotropin, and somatotropin) are all produced by the adenohypophysis.

Question 16

The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is

Accepted Answer

FSH, or Follicle-Stimulating Hormone, is responsible for the growth of ovarian follicles in females and the production of sperm in males.

Question 17

The hormone produced by the pars intermedia of the adenohypophysis during early childhood is

Accepted Answer

The hormone produced by the pars intermedia of the adenohypophysis during early childhood is melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH). It regulates skin pigmentation and has effects on appetite and sexual arousal. FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), and ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) are produced by the anterior pituitary, while ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is produced by the posterior pituitary.

Question 18

The pituitary hormone that promotes ovarian secretion of progesterone and testicular secretion of testosterone is

Accepted Answer

LH (luteinizing hormone) is the pituitary hormone that stimulates the production of progesterone in the ovaries and testosterone in the testicles. TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) stimulates the thyroid gland, ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) stimulates the adrenal gland, FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) stimulates follicle development in the ovaries and sperm production in the testicles, and GH (growth hormone) promotes growth and tissue repair.

Question 19

Liver cells respond to growth hormone by releasing hormones called

Accepted Answer

Liver cells release somatomedins (also known as insulin-like growth factors or IGFs) in response to growth hormone stimulation. These hormones then stimulate cell division and growth in various tissues, including bone and muscle.

Question 20

The anterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the

Accepted Answer

The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is known as the adenohypophysis, which secretes six different hormones that regulate various body functions. Basal ganglion, infundibulum, mesencephalon, and neurohypophysis are not related to the anterior pituitary gland.

Quiz 18: The Endocrine System