Question 1

Trustworthy online information is most likely to be provided by all but which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Trustworthy online information is often provided by government agencies, professional organizations like the APA (American Psychological Association) and APS (Association for Psychological Science), and scientific journals due to their commitment to accuracy, research standards, and public service. Private corporations, however, may have profit motives that could influence the reliability of the information they provide, making them less likely to always offer trustworthy information compared to the other options listed.

Question 2

Dr.Finnegan,a psychological researcher,ensures that he maintains the privacy of his research records.Which ethical principle does this example describe?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Finnegan is maintaining the confidentiality of his research records, which is an ethical principle that requires researchers to protect the privacy and identities of their participants.

Question 3

Herbie prepares a research paper for his developmental psychology class.In using the APA style of citing journal references,what will be the last piece of information provided in each of Herbie's references?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Herbie prepares a research paper for his...

Question 4

Ethics review committees are typically composed of

Accepted Answer

Ethics review committees are typically composed of both professionals and laypersons to provide a diverse range of perspectives and ensure that ethical standards are met in research involving human subjects. This helps to prevent biases and potential conflicts of interest, as well as to promote the safety and well-being of research participants.

Question 5

A placebo effect would be most likely to account for changes in

Accepted Answer

The placebo effect is often most effective in reducing subjective experiences such as pain intensity.

Question 6

Jeremy's roommate frequently goes online to find information he can use in the papers he writes for a health science class.The roommate uses a search engine (Google)and visits the first few sties that turn up on the search.Jeremy's roommate needs to understand that

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jeremy's roommate frequently goes online to find...

Question 7

The ethical guideline requiring that information about a research study be disclosed to potential research participants before they participate is referred to as

Accepted Answer

The ethical guideline requiring that information about a research study be disclosed to potential research participants before they participate is referred to as informed consent. Prior approval generally refers to approval by an institutional review board or ethics committee, while prior consent is not a commonly used term in research ethics. Ethical approval is a broader term that encompasses the approval of a research study's design, conduct, and ethical considerations. Informational disclosure is not a commonly used term in research ethics.

Question 8

Every participant in an experiment has an equal chance of receiving one of the treatments.This is called

Accepted Answer

Random assignment ensures that the groups being studied are as similar as possible at the start of the experiment, which eliminates the possibility that any differences in the outcome are due to pre-existing differences between the groups.

Question 9

One of the main reasons that information published in scientific journals is trustworthy is because

Accepted Answer

The main reason that information published in scientific journals is trustworthy is because the articles are peer-reviewed by other professionals prior to publication. This means that other experts review and critique the research before it is published, making it more likely that any errors or biases are caught and corrected.

Question 10

In a drug study,group one receives an inactive pill and group two receives a pill that is believed to be effective in treating depression.Group two is the

Accepted Answer

Group two, which receives the pill believed to be effective in treating depression, is being manipulated and tested, making them the experimental group. Group one, which receives an inactive pill, is used as a comparison to the experimental group and is therefore the control group. The term "placebo group" is sometimes used interchangeably with "control group," but technically a placebo group receives a fake treatment (such as a sugar pill) designed to mimic the appearance of the real treatment, whereas in this case the control group receives a completely inactive pill. "Independent group" and "dependent group" are not applicable terms in this context.

Question 11

Your professor stated that stress can lead to heart disease.She cited several medical studies to show that stress was linked to heart disease.Therefore,she said we should avoid all forms of stress in order to ensure living a long and healthy life.The professor needs to rethink advice based on which of the following features of critical thinking?

Accepted Answer

The professor's advice to avoid all forms of stress to ensure a long and healthy life overlooks the complexity of stress and its effects, conflates correlation with causation, and overgeneralizes the relationship between stress and heart disease. Critical thinking involves recognizing these issues: avoiding oversimplification of complex matters, considering alternative explanations for observed phenomena, distinguishing between correlation and causation, and avoiding overgeneralization from specific cases or studies.

Question 12

Agreement to participate in a study following disclosure of information about its purposes and potential risks and benefits is called

Accepted Answer

Informed consent refers to the process in which participants in a research study are provided with information about the study's purpose, procedures, potential risks and benefits, and are then given the opportunity to voluntarily and knowingly agree to participate in the study. This is necessary to ensure that participants are fully aware of what they are agreeing to and have the ability to make an informed decision about their involvement in the study.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a concern regarding animal research?

Accepted Answer

Informed consent is not a concern regarding animal research, as animals cannot give their consent for being used in research. It is important to ensure justification of intended benefits, protection from unnecessary harm, and approval from review boards and institutional review boards.

Question 14

In the APA style for citing references from a journal,which piece of information is italicized?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the APA style for citing references...

Question 15

An ethical guideline intended to protect a research participant's privacy involves

Accepted Answer

The answer of An ethical guideline intended to protect a...

Question 16

The ethical code of psychologists is based on all but which of the following ideas?

Accepted Answer

The ethical code of psychologists prioritizes the protection of individuals' wellbeing and rights over the determination of ultimate truth. Therefore, the idea that "determination of ultimate truth outweighs individual cost" contradicts the ethical code of psychologists.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of critical thinking?

Accepted Answer

Reliance on common sense is not necessarily a characteristic of critical thinking. Critical thinking involves analyzing evidence and reasoning logically, while common sense may rely on personal biases and assumptions.

Question 18

Generalizing from research presented in the text,which Internet user is most likely to have poorer academic performance as a result of their Internet use?

Accepted Answer

The research presented in the text suggests that using the Internet to visit chat rooms is more likely to result in poorer academic performance than using it for other purposes such as research or accessing class-related newsgroups. Therefore, Abigail is most likely to have poorer academic performance as a result of her Internet use.

Question 19

Bernice prepares a research paper for her developmental psychology class.In using the APA style of citing on-line journal references,what will be the last piece of information provided in each of Bernice's references?

Accepted Answer

According to APA style, the last piece of information provided in each on-line journal reference is the direct object identifier, such as a DOI (digital object identifier), which provides a permanent URL for the article. This allows others to easily locate the reference even if the web address changes.

Question 20

Dr.Schultze conducts research on the effects of a new drug on obsessive-compulsive disorder.In his study,neither Schultze nor the participants knows who is receiving the active drug and who is receiving the placebo.This example describes

Accepted Answer

This example describes a double-blind study, where both the researcher and the participants are unaware of who is receiving the active drug and who is receiving the placebo. This is commonly used in clinical trials to minimize bias and ensure more accurate results. Random sampling refers to the selection of participants for the study, single-blind study involves only the researcher being unaware of participant group assignments, control factor refers to a variable that is controlled in the study, and social desirability bias refers to the tendency of participants to respond in a socially desirable way.

Quiz 1: The Science of Psychology