Question 1

Dendrites contain the nuclei, ribosomes, mitochondria, and other structures found in most cells.

Accepted Answer

Dendrites do not contain nuclei; the nucleus is found in the cell body (soma) of a neuron. Dendrites do contain ribosomes, mitochondria, and other structures, but the nucleus is located in the cell body.

Question 2

Dr. Skinner is working in the lab measuring the voltage of neurons, and during one condition, she tried to depolarize the neurons from -70 mV to -80 mV.

Accepted Answer

The statement is incorrect. Depolarization means moving towards a more positive potential, so the neurons would need to be depolarized from -70 mV to a more positive value, such as -60 mV, not -80 mV.

Question 3

Neurons differ most strongly from other body cells in their ____.

Accepted Answer

Neurons have unique branching structures that allow them to form connections with other neurons and transmit electrical signals throughout the body. This distinctive shape sets them apart from other body cells. Temperature, osmotic pressure, and mitochondria are all present in other body cells as well.

Question 4

There are two types of glial cells that produce myelin sheath. In the central nervous system, Schwann cells fulfill this role and, in the periphery, oligodendrocytes produce it.

Accepted Answer

The statement is incorrect, as it should be the other way around. Oligodendrocytes produce myelin sheath in the central nervous system, and Schwann cells produce it in the peripheral nervous system.

Question 5

Santiago Ramon y Cajal demonstrated that ____.

Accepted Answer

Santiago Ramon y Cajal demonstrated that neurons are separate from one another, with gaps called synapses between them. While his work contributed to our understanding of neuron communication and the structure of the nervous system, it did not specifically address the other options listed.

Question 6

An efferent axon carries information away from a structure.

Accepted Answer

An efferent axon is responsible for carrying information away from a structure, usually from the central nervous system towards the periphery or muscles.

Question 7

Increasing the electrical gradient for potassium will reduce the tendency for potassium ions to exit the neuron.

Accepted Answer

This is because the increased electrical gradient will create a stronger attraction for potassium ions to remain inside the neuron, rather than exiting.

Question 8

Santiago Ramón y Cajal used special staining techniques to reveal that the brain is composed of individual cells.

Accepted Answer

Santiago Ramón y Cajal is known for his work on the structure of the brain, specifically for using staining techniques to reveal that the nervous system is made up of individual cells, called neurons. This work earned him a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1906.

Question 9

The role of glial cells is to act like "glue" or scaffolding to support the neurons.

Accepted Answer

The answer of  The role of glial cells is to...

Question 10

Dr. Kimi studies the plasma membrane of neurons. He specifically researches the specialized _____ that allow in important things like water, oxygen, sodium, and so on.

Accepted Answer

Proteins channels are the specialized structures that allow important things like water, oxygen, sodium, and other molecules to enter or exit the neuron through the plasma membrane. Lipid channels and lipid receptors are not well known structures in plasma membranes, and protein receptors are not involved in transporting molecules across the membrane.

Question 11

At the resting potential, the potassium channels are completely closed and the sodium channels are almost closed.

Accepted Answer

At the resting potential, the potassium channels are slightly open, allowing potassium ions to move out of the cell, while the sodium channels are almost closed, allowing very few sodium ions to enter the cell.

Question 12

Both ____ and ____ shared the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1906.

Accepted Answer

Golgi and Cajal were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1906 for their work on the structure of the nervous system.

Question 13

Neurons receive information and transmit it to other cells.

Accepted Answer

Neurons are specialized cells that receive and transmit information in the nervous system.

Question 14

The difference in voltage in a resting neuron is called the resting potential.

Accepted Answer

The resting potential is defined as the difference in voltage between the inside and outside of a neuron when it is not sending a signal, and is typically around -70 millivolts.

Question 15

Neurons are distinguished from other cells by their shape.

Accepted Answer

Neurons have a unique shape with a cell body, dendrites, and an axon. This distinguishes them from other types of cells in the body.

Question 16

Glial cells transmit information across long distances.

Accepted Answer

Glial cells, also known as glia, provide support and insulation for neurons, but they do not transmit information across long distances like neurons do.

Question 17

The blood-brain barrier is made up of closely packed glial cells.

Accepted Answer

The blood-brain barrier is made up of tightly packed endothelial cells that form a physical and metabolic barrier between the blood vessels and the brain. These cells are supported by astrocytes, a type of glial cell, but they are not the main component of the blood-brain barrier.

Question 18

The two basic kinds of cells in the nervous system are _____.

Accepted Answer

Neurons and glia are the two basic kinds of cells in the nervous system. Neurons are responsible for transmitting information throughout the nervous system, while glia support and protect neurons. Dendrites and axons are not cells, but rather components of neurons. Ribosomes and lysosomes are cellular organelles found in various types of cells, but they are not specific to the nervous system.

Question 19

The greater the surface area of a dendrite, the more information it can receive from other neurons.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. The surface area of a dendrite determines the amount of information it can receive from other neurons. A dendrite with a larger surface area can receive more information compared to a dendrite with a smaller surface area.

Question 20

Action potentials can be produced in the dendrites of some neurons.

Accepted Answer

The answer of  Action potentials can be produced in the...

Quiz 1: Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses