Question 1

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

Excessive thirst and frequent urination are classic signs of diabetes, especially type 1 diabetes, which is caused by a lack of insulin production in the body. A fasting blood glucose level of 140 mg/dl or higher is a sign of diabetes, not a healthy level. A healthy person's hemoglobin A1c level should be less than 7%. Excess body fat is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, not type 1.

Question 2

Fai was recently diagnosed with lactose-intolerance.  She knows that consuming enough vitamin D and calcium is important for those with lactose intolerance.  With that in mind,which of the following do you recommend?

Accepted Answer

Consuming lactose-free milk is a good choice for those with lactose intolerance as it provides the necessary calcium and vitamin D without causing discomfort or digestive issues.

Question 3

This morning,Margie's fasting blood glucose level indicated that she has hyperglycemia and pre-diabetes.Based on this information,her fasting blood glucose level was ________ mg/dl.

Accepted Answer

A fasting blood glucose level of 120 mg/dl indicates pre-diabetes, which is consistent with hyperglycemia.

Question 4

Chewing gum made with sugar alcohols contributes to tooth decay.

Accepted Answer

Chewing gum made with sugar alcohols does not contribute to tooth decay because these sugar substitutes are not metabolized by oral bacteria, and they do not produce acids that can harm tooth enamel. In fact, some sugar-free gums sweetened with xylitol can actually help prevent cavities by reducing the levels of harmful bacteria in the mouth. However, excessive consumption of sugar alcohols may cause digestive discomfort, such as bloating, gas, and diarrhea.

Question 5

Fiber-rich diets contribute to weight loss by causing a person to feel full.

Accepted Answer

Fiber-rich foods can help promote feelings of fullness due to their ability to absorb water and slow down digestion. This can result in reduced overall calorie intake and promote weight loss.

Question 6

Jevincio has type 2 diabetes,and he does not control his blood glucose levels well.As a result of his lack of control,which of the following conditions is he most likely to develop?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled high blood glucose levels can damage the blood vessels in the eyes, leading to diabetic retinopathy and potentially causing blindness over time. Cystic fibrosis, irritable bowel syndrome, and lactose intolerance are not directly related to diabetes control.

Question 7

According to scientific evidence,which of the following actions can help reduce a person's risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Regular exercise has been shown to be an effective way to reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption have been linked to an increased risk of diabetes, while taking vitamin C supplements has not been shown to have a significant impact on diabetes risk.

Question 8

Bill has reactive hypoglycemia.What steps can he take to reduce the likelihood that he has bouts of the disorder?

Accepted Answer

Reactive hypoglycemia is a condition where blood sugar levels drop rapidly after consuming a meal high in carbohydrates or sugar. By reducing the intake of refined sugars and carbohydrates, Bill can help prevent sudden drops in blood sugar levels. Consuming more complex carbohydrates and lean proteins may help stabilize blood sugar levels. The other options listed are not recommended treatments for reactive hypoglycemia.

Question 9

High-fiber diets are associated with all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

High-fiber diets are associated with reduced risk of stroke, diabetes, and heart disease because the fiber helps to lower cholesterol levels, regulate blood sugar, and promote a healthy digestive system. However, there is no evidence to suggest that high fiber intake would reduce the secretion of intrinsic factor, which is a protein necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the intestine.

Question 10

Which type of diabetes is most common in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes in the United States, accounting for 90-95% of all cases.

Question 11

Clayton is a 19-year-old college student.He avoids milk,because he claims drinking the beverage upsets his stomach and gives him intestinal "gas." However,he can eat yogurt and certain types of cheese without experiencing any symptoms.Based on this information,Clayton probably has

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described by Clayton are consistent with lactose intolerance, which is a condition where the body is unable to digest lactose, a sugar found in milk. This can cause symptoms such as stomach upset and gas. However, yogurt and certain types of cheese, such as cheddar or Swiss, are lower in lactose and may be better tolerated by individuals with lactose intolerance. None of the other options mentioned are relevant to Clayton's symptoms.

Question 12

Adrian's diet supplies only about 5% of his daily energy needs from carbohydrates.Therefore,most of his energy intake is provided by proteins and fats.As a result of following this diet,Adrian's body may go into

Accepted Answer

When the body does not have enough carbohydrates to use as fuel, it shifts to using fat as its primary source of energy. This process is called ketosis. As Adrian's diet supplies only 5% of his daily energy needs from carbohydrates, it is likely that his body will rely on fat for energy and enter into a state of ketosis.

Question 13

Hypoglycemia is a condition that occurs when the blood glucose level is too high.

Accepted Answer

Hypoglycemia is a condition that occurs when the blood glucose level is too low.

Question 14

According to Shawn's physician,Shawn has a high risk of ________ because his waist circumference is 42 inches,his blood pressure consistently measures 140 mm Hg/90 mm Hg,and his fasting blood glucose level is 110 mg/dl.

Accepted Answer

Shawn exhibits several risk factors for metabolic syndrome, including central obesity (waist circumference >40 inches for men), hypertension (blood pressure consistently >130/85 mm Hg), and elevated fasting blood glucose levels (>100mg/dl). These factors increase his risk for developing heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. Option B, C, and D do not correlate with Shawn's risk factors.

Question 15

Katie is pregnant.She has type 1 diabetes and often has difficulty controlling her blood glucose level.Based on this information,Katie is more likely to

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled blood glucose levels in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes can increase the risk of birth defects in the baby.

Question 16

The best way to avoid tooth decay is to use a mouthwash that kills bacteria in the mouth.

Accepted Answer

While using a mouthwash that kills bacteria in the mouth can be helpful in preventing tooth decay, it is not the best way to avoid it. The most effective ways to prevent tooth decay include brushing twice a day with fluoride toothpaste, flossing daily, eating a healthy diet low in sugary and acidic foods and drinks, and visiting the dentist regularly for check-ups and cleanings.

Question 17

Which of the following physical characteristics or health conditions is a sign of metabolic syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of health conditions that increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. One of the physical characteristics that indicate the presence of metabolic syndrome is a waist circumference of more than 35 inches in women and 40 inches in men. The other four options given do not reflect metabolic syndrome. Therefore, choice D, which refers to high fasting blood triglyceride levels, is the best choice. High levels of triglycerides in the blood are associated with metabolic syndrome.

Question 18

Lactose is the disaccharide in

Accepted Answer

Lactose is primarily found in milk, making choice B the best option. Lactose is not found in the liver, sugar, or grapes.

Question 19

Which of the following foods has a low glycemic index (less than 70)?

Accepted Answer

The apple has a low glycemic index, with a score of 39. White rice, banana, and plain white bagel have high glycemic index scores, with scores of 73, 62, and 72 respectively. Choosing foods with a low glycemic index may have benefits for blood sugar control and overall health.

Question 20

Refined carbohydrates do not satisfy hunger as well as proteins and fats,which may lead to an excessive consumption of calories.

Accepted Answer

Refined carbohydrates like white bread or sugar do not provide the feeling of fullness or satisfaction as well as proteins and fats, which can lead to overeating and consuming too many calories.

Quiz 5: Carbohydrates: Sugars, starches, and Fiber