Question 1

Before applying a nonrebreather mask,the EMT should take what action?
A) Insert a properly sized oropharyngeal airway.
B) Connect the mask to a humidified oxygen source and wait for the patient's heart rate to slow.
C) Make sure the oxygen supply has greater than 2,000 psi in the tank.
D) Inflate the reservoir bag and make sure the bag does not deflate during inspiration.

Accepted Answer

Before applying a nonrebreather mask, the EMT should inflate the reservoir bag and make sure the bag does not deflate during inspiration. This confirms that the oxygen flow rate is sufficient and will provide the patient with the intended oxygen concentration.

Question 2

What device is used to perform mouth-to-mask ventilation?
A) Pocket face mask
B) Bag-valve mask
C) Stoma
D) Automatic transport ventilator

Accepted Answer

A pocket face mask is the device used to perform mouth-to-mask ventilation. A bag-valve mask and automatic transport ventilator are used for more advanced ventilation support, while a stoma is a surgically created opening in the neck for breathing.

Question 3

A ________ is NOT typically used in the prehospital setting for oxygen administration.
A) nasal cannula
B) partial rebreather mask
C) regulator
D) tracheostomy mask

Accepted Answer

The answer of A ________ is NOT typically used in...

Question 4

You are attempting to replace the oxygen cylinder in your truck.After removing the regulator from the old cylinder,removing the old cylinder,and placing the new cylinder in the oxygen compartment,you attempt to connect the regulator.The new cylinder has a yellow stripe around it instead of a green one but was stored with the green cylinders.You are unable to get the regulator to seat properly and it will not turn.You should:
A) attempt to force the regulator onto the cylinder.
B) remove the cylinder and get a green cylinder.
C) replace the oxygen regulator with a new one.
D) put the old cylinder back on the truck.

Accepted Answer

The yellow stripe indicates that the cylinder contains a different gas mixture or is intended for a different use. Attempting to force the regulator onto the cylinder could lead to dangerous malfunctions. It is best to remove the cylinder and get a green one that matches the type of gas you are working with.

Question 5

You are ventilating an adult patient with a bag-valve mask when you notice that his abdomen is getting bigger.You should:
A) apply cricoid pressure.
B) decrease the flow of oxygen.
C) apply pressure to the abdomen.
D) suction the airway.

Accepted Answer

Applying cricoid pressure can help minimize the risk of gastric insufflation (air entering the stomach) during bag-valve mask ventilation, which can lead to the abdomen getting bigger. This technique helps to reduce the chance of air being diverted into the stomach instead of the lungs.

Question 6

You are transporting a 44-year-old female with chest pain and sudden respiratory distress.She is agitated,anxious,and refuses to have a nonrebreather mask applied.Which of the following is the best option?
A) Use a nasal cannula instead.
B) Have her breathe into a paper bag to control her hyperventilation.
C) Do not make further attempts to administer oxygen as it will only agitate the patient further.
D) Consult with medical control about restraining the patient.

Accepted Answer

The patient is experiencing respiratory distress and requires supplemental oxygen. As she is refusing a nonrebreather mask, a nasal cannula can be used as an alternative to deliver oxygen. Using a paper bag to control hyperventilation is not appropriate in this situation as the patient is experiencing sudden onset respiratory distress, not hyperventilation. Not administering oxygen can worsen the patient's condition. Restraint should only be considered as a last resort and only with medical control guidance.

Question 7

Which of the following is acceptable for maintaining a seal between an oxygen cylinder and regulator?
A) Pop-off valve
B) Gasket
C) Grease plug
D) Medical grade adhesive tape

Accepted Answer

A gasket is the most appropriate choice for maintaining a seal between an oxygen cylinder and regulator. Gaskets are specifically designed for this purpose and provide a reliable and durable seal. A pop-off valve is not used for maintaining a seal, but rather to release excess pressure. Grease plugs and medical grade adhesive tape are not appropriate for use with oxygen cylinders as they can introduce contaminants or be flammable.

Question 8

You are aggressively ventilating an adult patient with a bag-valve mask when you notice that his previously strong pulse is getting weaker.You should:
A) increase the concentration of oxygen.
B) reduce the concentration of oxygen.
C) reduce the volume of the ventilations.
D) begin chest compressions.

Accepted Answer

Weaker pulse during bag-valve mask ventilation may indicate that the patient is receiving too much volume or pressure, which can cause decreased cardiac output. Therefore, reducing the volume of ventilations may help to improve cardiac output and maintain a better pulse. It is important to maintain oxygenation, however, reducing the oxygen concentration should not be the priority in this situation. Chest compressions should be started if the patient shows signs of cardiac arrest (e.g. absent pulse, unresponsiveness, no breathing).

Question 9

Your patient is a 55-year-old man with a history of chronic bronchitis.You have been called to his home today because of an increase in his level of respiratory distress.The patient is on 2 liters per minute of oxygen by nasal cannula at home.Your assessment reveals difficulty speaking due to shortness of breath,leaning forward to breathe,a productive cough,and a respiratory rate of 32 per minute.Which of the following is true concerning the best course of action for this patient?
A) Because increased blood levels of carbon dioxide are the primary stimulus to breathe, you should encourage the patient to rebreathe his exhaled air from a paper bag.
B) You should increase the patient's oxygen flow rate to deliver adequate amounts of oxygen to his tissues. If his respiratory rate decreases, you can assist him with a bag-valve-mask device.
C) You should increase the patient's oxygen flow rate until his respiratory rate decreases and then resume oxygen administration at 2 liters per minute.
D) You should not increase the patient's oxygen flow rate because of his likely dependence on a hypoxic drive to stimulate breathing.

Accepted Answer

The patient is experiencing an exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, which is typically caused by bacterial or viral infections. The increased respiratory distress indicates a need for increased oxygen delivery to the tissues. Therefore, the best course of action is to increase the patient's oxygen flow rate to deliver adequate amounts of oxygen. If his respiratory rate decreases, you can assist him with a bag-valve-mask device. Option A is incorrect because encouraging the patient to rebreathe his exhaled air from a paper bag would increase the levels of carbon dioxide, which would worsen the respiratory distress. Option C is also incorrect because resuming oxygen administration at 2 liters per minute would not provide enough oxygen to meet the patient's needs. Option D is incorrect because the hypoxic drive theory has been debunked, and most patients with chronic bronchitis do not rely on hypoxia to stimulate breathing.

Question 10

Which of these patients would require a tracheostomy mask for supplemental oxygen administration?
A) A patient with a stoma
B) A patient with quadriplegia
C) A patient with chronic bronchitis
D) A patient with upper airway inflammation

Accepted Answer

A tracheostomy mask is used to deliver oxygen to patients who have a stoma, which is an opening in the neck that has been surgically created to provide an alternate airway. Patients with quadriplegia, chronic bronchitis, and upper airway inflammation typically do not require a tracheostomy mask for supplemental oxygen administration.

Question 11

What is the percentage of oxygen provided by connecting a high flow of oxygen to the oxygen inlet found on a pocket mask?
A) 50%
B) 21%
C) 100%
D) 16%

Accepted Answer

When a high flow of oxygen is connected to the oxygen inlet of a pocket mask, it can deliver approximately 50% oxygen to the patient.

Question 12

Which of the following is the best device to deliver high-concentration oxygen to a breathing patient?
A) Simple face mask
B) Nonrebreather mask
C) Nasal cannula
D) Oropharyngeal airway

Accepted Answer

The nonrebreather mask is the best device for delivering high-concentration oxygen to a breathing patient as it has a reservoir bag that can be filled with oxygen, which is delivered to the patient during inhalation. The one-way valve prevents exhalation into the reservoir bag, thus preventing the patient from rebreathing exhaled air. This results in a high concentration of oxygen delivery to the patient.

Question 13

What is NOT one of the basic parts of a bag-valve-mask system?
A) Self-refilling shell
B) Non-jam valve
C) Be nonrebreathing
D) 15/25 respiratory fitting

Accepted Answer

The 15/25 respiratory fitting is not a basic part of a bag-valve-mask system. The other three options are all essential components - the self-refilling shell ensures the bag refills with air after each compression, the non-jam valve prevents air from escaping when not actively compressing the bag, and the nonrebreathing function ensures the patient receives fresh air with each breath.

Question 14

Venturi masks are designed to mix oxygen with:
A) nitrogen.
B) inhaled air.
C) humidified air.
D) carbon monoxide.

Accepted Answer

Venturi masks are designed to mix oxygen with the inhaled air, providing a precise oxygen concentration to the patient. They work by using the Venturi effect to draw in a specific amount of air and mix it with the oxygen being delivered. The other options (nitrogen, humidified air, and carbon monoxide) are not intentionally mixed with the oxygen.

Question 15

A 21-year-old patient presents with labored breathing and audible wheezes,heart rate of 124,respiration 36; he has significantly altered mentation.What is the treatment for this patient?
A) Supplement the breaths with high-concentration oxygen through a nonrebreather mask.
B) Use a pocket mask, which will provide adequate oxygen to improve the patient's condition.
C) Ventilate with a bag-valve mask with high oxygen or FROPVD.
D) Give mouth-to-mouth breathing with a nasal cannula, providing the patient with an increase of oxygen.

Accepted Answer

The patient is presenting with symptoms of respiratory distress and altered mentation, indicating a potentially life-threatening condition. The best treatment in this scenario would be to provide ventilatory support with a bag-valve mask with high oxygen concentration or FROPVD. Supplementing with high-concentration oxygen through a nonrebreather mask and using a pocket mask or mouth-to-mouth breathing with a nasal cannula would not be sufficient to adequately support the patient's respiratory needs.

Question 16

The oxygen flow rate for a nasal cannula should not exceed ________ liters per minute.
A) 8
B) 4
C) 6
D) 2

Accepted Answer

The recommended maximum flow rate for a nasal cannula is typically 6 liters per minute to avoid discomfort and dryness in the nasal passages.

Question 17

You and your EMT partner are preparing to ventilate an elderly non-trauma patient who has a stoma.Your partner performs the head-tilt,chin-lift maneuver and you ask him to return the patient's head to a neutral position."Why? This is not a pediatric patient!" your partner protests.What would you say?
A) Elderly patients should never have their heads tilted back because spinal curvatures are common and can prevent airway positioning.
B) It is not necessary to position the airway of a stoma breather when providing ventilations.
C) Stoma breathers should only have their airways positioned after placement of the ventilation device.
D) Using the head-tilt, chin-lift prior to clearing any mucus plugs from the stoma can cause airway occlusion.

Accepted Answer

For a patient with a stoma, airway management involves ventilating through the stoma rather than the mouth or nose. Therefore, traditional airway positioning maneuvers like the head-tilt, chin-lift are not necessary since ventilation is not being provided through the oropharyngeal route.

Question 18

Your patient is a 65-year-old male with a history of COPD.He is sitting up and complaining of a severe shortness of breath.You should:
A) suction the airway with a rigid suction catheter.
B) administer 4 lpm of oxygen via nasal cannula.
C) insert a nasal airway and ventilate.
D) apply a nonrebreather mask giving 15 lpm of oxygen.

Accepted Answer

The best choice is to apply a nonrebreather mask giving 15 lpm of oxygen. This is because the patient is experiencing severe shortness of breath and requires a high concentration of oxygen to improve breathing. The nonrebreather mask delivers a higher concentration of oxygen (up to 90%) than other methods such as nasal cannula or nasal airway ventilation. Suctioning the airway is not indicated unless there is a visible obstruction or excessive secretions present. Inserting a nasal airway and ventilating may be necessary if the patient's respiratory status deteriorates further, but the initial step should be to provide high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreather mask.

Question 19

A nonrebreather mask at 12 to 15 liters per minute will generally provide the patient what percentage of oxygen?
A) 80-100
B) 16-21
C) 24-44
D) 90-100

Accepted Answer

A nonrebreather mask at 12 to 15 liters per minute can deliver approximately 80-100% oxygen to the patient, depending on the fit and the patient's breathing pattern.

Question 20

Which of the following oxygen cylinders would normally run out after 50 minutes when flowing at 10 liters per minute?
A) M tank
B) D tank
C) G tank
D) E tank

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following oxygen cylinders would...

Quiz 10: Respiration and Artificial Ventilation

Before applying a nonrebreather mask,the EMT should take what action?

What device is used to perform mouth-to-mask ventilation?

A ________ is NOT typically used in the prehospital setting for oxygen administration.

You are ventilating an adult patient with a bag-valve mask when you notice that his abdomen is getting bigger.You should:

You are transporting a 44-year-old female with chest pain and sudden respiratory distress.She is agitated,anxious,and refuses to have a nonrebreather mask applied.Which of the following is the best option?

Which of the following is acceptable for maintaining a seal between an oxygen cylinder and regulator?

You are aggressively ventilating an adult patient with a bag-valve mask when you notice that his previously strong pulse is getting weaker.You should:

Which of these patients would require a tracheostomy mask for supplemental oxygen administration?

What is the percentage of oxygen provided by connecting a high flow of oxygen to the oxygen inlet found on a pocket mask?

Which of the following is the best device to deliver high-concentration oxygen to a breathing patient?

What is NOT one of the basic parts of a bag-valve-mask system?

Venturi masks are designed to mix oxygen with:

A 21-year-old patient presents with labored breathing and audible wheezes,heart rate of 124,respiration 36; he has significantly altered mentation.What is the treatment for this patient?

The oxygen flow rate for a nasal cannula should not exceed ________ liters per minute.

Your patient is a 65-year-old male with a history of COPD.He is sitting up and complaining of a severe shortness of breath.You should:

A nonrebreather mask at 12 to 15 liters per minute will generally provide the patient what percentage of oxygen?

Which of the following oxygen cylinders would normally run out after 50 minutes when flowing at 10 liters per minute?