Question 1

What factors might influence whether it is ethical to require an elderly person to participate in a research study? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Correct A: The study should require elderly participants only if it is relevant to do so.Elderly individuals should not be used because they are a convenient sample.
Correct D: Alterations in cognitive capacity can influence whether an elderly person can properly consent.
Correct E: A complex study might be too difficult for an elderly person to understand if they have even mild cognitive impairment.
Incorrect B: The ethnic background should not be an ethical concern.
Incorrect C: The age of the participant should not be an ethical concern.

Question 2

Which of the following statements are accurate regarding the assent process for pediatric research? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Correct A: A parental signature is required as a part of the assent process.
Correct C: The child should be able express a preference for participation.
Correct E: The child should understand the purpose of the study.
Incorrect B: The research protocol should be reviewed with both the parent and the child.
Incorrect D: Children require a parent's signature for participation until they reach age 18.

Question 3

Which ethical principles are illustrated by obtaining IRB approval? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Correct A: IRB approval illustrates the principle of respect.
Correct B: IRB approval illustrates the principle of beneficence
Correct D: IRB approval illustrates the principle of justice.
Incorrect C: IRB approval does not illustrate the principle of trust.
Incorrect E: IRB approval does not illustrate the principle of anonymity.
Incorrect F: IRB approval does not illustrate the principle of confidentiality.

Question 4

Which basic human right exists when the subject's identity cannot be linked,even by the researcher,with his or her individual responses?

Accepted Answer

Correct B: The right to anonymity and confidentiality exists when the subject's identity cannot be linked,even by the researcher,with his or her individual responses.
Incorrect A: This does not describe the right to self-determination.
Incorrect C: This does not describe the right to fair treatment.
Incorrect D: This does not describe the right to protection from discomfort and harm.

Question 5

What does the role of an IRB include? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Correct B: The IRB functions to protect human subjects.
Correct C: The IRB approves studies to be conducted at institutions.
Correct E: The IRB ensures that potential studies will maintain the privacy of participants.
Incorrect A: The IRB does not assist with data analysis.
Incorrect D: IRB members do not interview for informed consent of participants in studies.

Question 6

A representative from a pharmaceutical company presents a new product for healing pressure ulcers to the nurses at a long-term care facility.The product is a wound dressing that is impregnated with a new drug.The representative asks the nurses to try the new product for 1 month and compare its effectiveness with that of the current method of treatment.What type of unethical action does this situation demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

Correct: Trying a new product with the intent of product comparison is a type of unauthorized research referred to as product testing.
Incorrect A: Scientific misconduct refers more to issues of misrepresentation of scientific data.
Incorrect C: Fraud indicates a harmful intent to deceive.
Incorrect D: There is no indication of intent to harm.

Question 7

Which basic human right exists when subjects have the right to withdraw from a study without penalty?

Accepted Answer

Correct.The right to self-determination exists when subjects have the right to withdraw from a study without penalty.
Incorrect B.This does not describe the right to anonymity and confidentiality.
Incorrect C.This does not describe right to fair treatment.
Incorrect D.This does not describe the right to protection from discomfort and harm.

Question 8

Which basic human right is considered to be equitable selection of subjects and their treatment during the research study?

Accepted Answer

Correct C.The right to fair treatment is being honored when there is equitable selection of subjects and their treatment during the research study.
Incorrect A.This does not describe the right to self-determination.
Incorrect B.This does not describe the right to anonymity and confidentiality.
Incorrect D.This does not describe the right to protection from discomfort and harm.

Question 9

An adult participant receives an informed consent form to participate in a study on breast cancer in women under the age of 35.The study's informed consent process should include: (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Correct B: The participant must be notified of potential risks.
Correct C: The participant must be informed of the study protocol.
Correct D: The participant must be made aware that she can decline participation in the study at any time without penalty to her.
Correct E: The participant should be assured that her personal information will be kept confidential.
Incorrect A: The participant does not meet IRB members.

Question 10

A nurse researcher critiques a study that examined cardiovascular health in male prison inmates.When reviewing the study for ethical concerns,what does the researcher expect the study to include? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Correct B: There should be a statement that informed consent was provided.
Correct C: There should be a statement that there was IRB approval for the study.
Correct E: Prisoners are a vulnerable population,so the report should emphasize how their rights were protected.
Incorrect A: A research report does not need to provide a copy of the consent form.
Incorrect D: IRB proceedings are not detailed in the research report.

Question 11

Which basic human right exists when people are treated as autonomous agents who have the freedom to choose without external controls?

Accepted Answer

Correct C.The right to fair treatment is being honored when people are treated as autonomous agents who have the freedom to choose without external controls.
Incorrect A: This does not describe the right to free speech.
Incorrect B: This does not describe the right to anonymity and confidentiality..
Incorrect D.This does not describe the right to protection from discomfort and harm.

Question 12

What are the five human rights that are outlined in ANA guidelines?

Accepted Answer

Correct A: This is one of the five human rights that are outlined in ANA guidelines.
Correct B: This is one of the five human rights that are outlined in ANA guidelines.
Correct D: This is one of the five human rights that are outlined in ANA guidelines.
Correct E: This is one of the five human rights that are outlined in ANA guidelines.
Correct F: This is one of the five human rights that are outlined in ANA guidelines.
Incorrect C: This is not one of the five human rights that are outlined in ANA guidelines.
Incorrect G: This is not one of the five human rights that are outlined in ANA guidelines.

Quiz 11: Legal and Ethical Issues