Question 1

How should the nurse researcher interpret an odds ratio greater than 1.0?

Accepted Answer

Correct C: An odds ratio greater than 1.0 meAnswer the event is more likely to occur in the treatment group than in the control group.
Incorrect A: This defines an odds ratio that is equal to 1.0.
Incorrect B: This defines an odds ratio that is less than 1.0.
Incorrect D: This would refer to relative risk increase.

Question 2

How should the nurse researcher interpret an odds ratio less than 1.0?

Accepted Answer

Correct B: This defines an odds ratio that is less than 1.0.
Incorrect A: This defines an odds ratio that is equal to 1.0.
Incorrect C: An odds ratio greater than 1.0 meAnswer that the event is more likely to occur in the treatment group than the control group.
Incorrect D: This would refer to relative risk increase.

Question 3

A nurse researcher is seeking studies whose outcomes are described with a measure of precision about the studies' results.Which statistical descriptions would the researcher seek? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Correct C: Standard deviation describes how scores vary on average and are a component of assessing precision.
Correct D: Confidence interval is a range of values,accompanying measures of central tendency and association,giving a measure of precision about findings.
Incorrect A: The t test examines differences between mean scores in two groups and does not address precision.
Incorrect B: Correlation describes strength of relationships but not precision.
Incorrect E: Mean is the average of scores in a sample and does not address precision or uncertainty of findings.

Question 4

Therapy-type articles (e.g.,intervention studies)are associated with outcome variables that are categorized as (select all that apply):

Accepted Answer

Correct A: Outcome variables may be continuous (with degree of change in response to therapy).
Correct D: Outcome variables may also be dichotomous (proportion of those who experience or do not experience an event in response to therapy).
Incorrect B: Isolated is not a term commonly used to describe outcome variables.
Incorrect C: Rich text is a term used to describe data in a qualitative study.

Question 5

A nurse is investigating the literature on a clinical topic and is particularly interested in studies that are experimental.What other terms may the nurse encounter in a literature search? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Correct A: Randomized controlled trials are one form of experimental design.
Correct B: Intervention studies is a synonym for experimental design.
Correct C: Individual studies is a synonym for experimental design.
Incorrect D: Prognostic studies are essentially correlational in nature,not experimental.

Question 6

Types of EBP clinical categories include (select all that apply):

Accepted Answer

Correct A: Therapy is one of the four EBP clinical categories.
Correct B: Diagnosis is one of the four EBP clinical categories.
Correct C: Prognosis is one of the four EBP clinical categories.
Correct D: Harm is one of the four EBP clinical categories.
Incorrect E: Hazard is not an EBP clinical category.

Question 7

How should the nurse researcher interpret a relative risk that is greater than 1.0?

Accepted Answer

Correct C: This describes the state of a relative risk that is greater than 1.0.
Incorrect A: This describes the state of a relative risk that is equal to 1.0.
Incorrect B: This describes the state of a relative risk that is less than 1.0.
Incorrect D: This describes absolute risk reduction.

Question 8

From top to bottom,what are the study designs associated with the strongest level of evidence base? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Correct A: A randomized controlled trial is the highest level of evidence.
Correct B: Quasi-experimental design is the second highest level.
Correct C: Correlational design is the third highest level of evidence.
Correct D: Descriptive design is the lowest level of evidence base.
Incorrect E: A phenomenal study design will not have a strong level of evidence base.

Question 9

What does the vertical line represent in a graphic of a systematic review?

Accepted Answer

Correct A: The vertical line is the line of no effect (odds ratio = 1)
Incorrect B: The 95% CI is represented by the width of the horizontal line.
Incorrect C: The findings from each study are represented by a blob or square on the horizontal line.
Incorrect D: The amount of information in each study may be represented by the size of the blob or square.

Question 10

Which of the following questions determine a researcher's selection of a relevant,credible article? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Correct A: An important question is whether the study was sponsored by an organization,which could possibly influence the results.
Correct B: An important question is the relationship of sample and setting to the proposed study.
Correct C: An important question is the relationship of sample and setting to the proposed study.
Correct D: Articles published in a peer-reviewed journal undergo an extensive review and editing process.

Question 11

A researcher is explaining the concept of risk in clinical trials.Which statements are correct regarding risk of an event? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Correct A: Risk identification does not presume a causal relationship between factor and condition.
Correct D: In general,the higher the relative risk,the more likely that the risk of an event is causal,not just serendipitous.
Incorrect B: The event rate so described is called the control event rate and is not a risk factor.
Incorrect C: Relative risk is the risk of the event after the experimental treatment as a percentage of the original risk.

Question 12

How should the nurse researcher interpret an odds ratio equal to 1.0?

Accepted Answer

Correct A: This defines an odds ratio that is equal to 1.0.
Incorrect B: This defines an odds ratio that is less than 1.0.
Incorrect C: An odds ratio greater than 1.0 meAnswer that the event is more likely to occur in the treatment group than the control group).
Incorrect D: This would refer to relative risk increase.

Question 13

How should the nurse researcher interpret a relative risk that is equal to 1.0?

Accepted Answer

Correct A: This describes the state of a relative risk that is equal to 1.0.
Incorrect B: This describes the state of a relative risk that is less than 1.0.
Incorrect C: This describes the state of a relative risk that is greater than 1.0.
Incorrect D: This describes absolute risk reduction.

Question 14

How is absolute risk reduction calculated?

Accepted Answer

Correct C: This is the method of calculating absolute risk reduction.
Incorrect A: This is not an accurate method of calculating absolute risk reduction.
Incorrect B: This is the method of calculating relative risk reduction.
Incorrect D: This is not an accurate method of calculating absolute risk reduction.

Question 15

How should the nurse researcher interpret a relative risk that is less than 1.0?

Accepted Answer

Correct B: This describes the state of a relative risk that is less than 1.0.
Incorrect A: This describes the state of a relative risk that is equal to 1.0.
Incorrect C: This describes the state of a relative risk that is greater than 1.0.
Incorrect D: This describes absolute risk reduction.

Question 16

How is relative risk reduction calculated?

Accepted Answer

Correct B: This is the method of calculating relative risk reduction.
Incorrect A: This is not an accurate method of calculating absolute risk reduction.
Incorrect C: This is the method of calculating absolute risk reduction.
Incorrect D: This is not an accurate method of calculating absolute risk reduction.

Question 17

Which information regarding a new algorithm for pressure support surface selection should be interpreted as favorable for adoption of the algorithm? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Correct C: Endorsement by two nationally prominent organizations would add to credibility.
Correct D: Credibility of the algorithm is enhanced because it is based on systematic analyses.
Incorrect A: A sole clinical focus does not ensure credibility.
Incorrect B: Recent publication does not ensure credibility.

Quiz 18: Tools for Applying Evidence to Practice