Question 1

________ allow for the statistical control and analysis of external variables.
A) Quasi-experimental designs
B) True experimental designs
C) Statistical designs
D) Preexperimental designs
E) One-shot case studies

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ allow for the statistical control and...

Question 2

True experimental designs include the ________ and ________.
A) one-shot case study; the pretest-posttest control group design
B) pretest-posttest control group design; the posttest-only control group design
C) posttest-only control group design; the static group
D) static group; the one-shot case study
E) random study; the control study

Accepted Answer

The two true experimental designs are the pretest-posttest control group design and the posttest-only control group design. Option B correctly identifies these two designs. The other options either include non-experimental designs (one-shot case study, static group) or incorrect combinations of experimental designs.

Question 3

A preexperimental design in which a single group of test units is exposed to a treatment X and then a single measurement on the dependent variable is taken is called the ________.
A) one-shot case study
B) one-group pretest-posttest design
C) random group
D) static group
E) X-file

Accepted Answer

The one-shot case study design is the only one that fits the description given. The other options involve more than one group or more than one measurement on the dependent variable.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT one of the broad categories of experimental designs?
A) concurrent design
B) preexperimental design
C) statistical design
D) true experimental
E) All are broad categories of experimental designs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT one...

Question 5

The ________ is a preexperimental design in which a group of test units is measured before and after exposure to the treatment.
A) one-shot case study
B) one-group pretest-posttest design
C) random group
D) static group
E) before-and-after study

Accepted Answer

The one-group pretest-posttest design is a type of preexperimental design in which a group of test units is measured before and after exposure to the treatment. This design lacks a comparison group, making it a weaker design than randomized experiments, but it can still be useful for exploratory research or for evaluating the immediate effects of an intervention. The other options listed (A, C, D, E) are not preexperimental designs, or they do not match the specific characteristics described in the question stem.

Question 6

A design in which a single group of subjects is exposed to a treatment (X),and then a single measurement on the dependent variable is taken (O₁)is called a(n)________.
A) factorial design
B) multiple time series design
C) posttest-only control group design
D) one-shot case study
E) alternative group design

Accepted Answer

This design is known as a "one-shot case study" because there is only one group and one measurement taken after the treatment is administered. There is no control group or pretest measurement for comparison, making it a weaker design for establishing causality compared to other designs.

Question 7

An experimental design in which the test units are assigned randomly and the experimental group is exposed to the treatment but the control group is not,and no pretest measure is taken is called the ________.
A) one-shot case study
B) random group
C) static group
D) manipulated treatment study
E) posttest-only control group design

Accepted Answer

The given description corresponds to a posttest-only control group design, where the experimental and control groups are assigned randomly and the treatment is applied only to the experimental group. No pretest is taken to avoid the possibility of the treatment affecting the pretest scores. The posttest is used to compare the outcomes of both groups. This type of experimental design is effective in establishing causality between the treatment and the outcome.

Question 8

A random sample of respondents would be distributed randomly,half to the experimental group and half to the control group.A pretest questionnaire would be administered to the respondents in both groups to obtain a measurement on attitudes toward Pepsi advertising,brand,and celebrity; only the respondents in the experimental group would be exposed to the TV program containing the Pepsi commercial.Then,a questionnaire would be administered to respondents in both groups to obtain posttest measures on attitudes toward Pepsi advertising,brand,and celebrity.Which of the following experimental designs best represents the above scenario?
A) one-shot case study
B) one-group pretest-posttest design
C) posttest-only control group design
D) static group design
E) pretest-posttest control group design

Accepted Answer

This design involves both a pretest measure and a posttest measure for both the experimental and control groups, as well as a control group that does not receive the experimental treatment. This allows for a comparison of the changes in attitudes between the groups, and can help determine if the Pepsi commercial had an effect on attitudes towards the brand, advertising, and celebrity.

Question 9

An experiment was conducted to test the effects of coupon value on redemption.Personal interviews were conducted in New York with 280 shoppers who were entering a supermarket.These shoppers were given a coupon for one of four brands prior to entering the store.Two coupon values were used,one offering 15-cents off and the other 50-cents off.Shoppers were randomly assigned to these two coupon-value levels.Four brands - Tide detergent,Kellogg's corn flakes,Aim toothpaste,and Joy liquid dishwashing detergent - were used.These same shoppers were re-interviewed upon leaving the store and asked to report on any coupons used in the store.What is the dependent variable in this experiment?
A) value of coupon
B) coupons used in the store
C) supermarket
D) the brand selected
E) all of the above

Accepted Answer

The dependent variable in this experiment is the coupons used in the store. This is what is being measured and compared between the two coupon-value levels for each of the four brands. The other options listed are independent variables or simply provide context for the experiment.

Question 10

A ________ is an artificial setting for experimentation in which the researcher constructs the desired conditions.
A) statistical environment
B) laboratory environment
C) field environment
D) virtual environment
E) construct condition design

Accepted Answer

A laboratory environment is a controlled setting created by the researcher in order to conduct an experiment under specific conditions, such as temperature, lighting, and other environmental factors. The researcher can manipulate and observe variables within the laboratory environment to test hypotheses and make conclusions about cause-and-effect relationships.

Question 11

The ________ is a two-group experimental design in which one of the groups acts as a control group,the subjects are not assigned randomly,and measurements are made on both groups following the treatment.
A) one-shot case study
B) one-group pretest-posttest design
C) random group
D) partial experimental design
E) static group

Accepted Answer

The description matches the characteristics of a static group experimental design, in which subjects are not assigned randomly and one group serves as a control group while measurements are taken on both groups after the treatment. The other options either do not include a control group or involve random assignment of subjects.

Question 12

In a Pepsi project the researcher is interested in examining the effect of humor and the effect of various levels of brand information on advertising effectiveness.Three levels of humor (no humor,some humor,and high humor)are to be examined.Likewise,brand information is to be manipulated at three levels (low,medium,and high).The resulting table would be three rows (levels of information)by three columns (levels of humor),producing nine possible combinations or cells.The respondents would be randomly assigned to one of the nine cells.Respondents in each cell would receive a specific treatment combination.After exposure to a treatment combination,measures would be obtained on attitudes toward Pepsi advertising,brand,and the celebrity from respondents in each cell.To which category of design does this fall into?
A) statistical regression design
B) recombinant design
C) static group design
D) one-shot case study
E) factorial design

Accepted Answer

This is a factorial design because there are two independent variables (humor and brand information) being manipulated at three levels each, resulting in nine cells or combinations. The researcher is interested in examining the effect of both variables on the outcome measures.

Question 13

________ are distinguished by the fact that the researcher can randomly assign test units to experimental groups and also randomly assign treatments to experimental groups.
A) Preexperimental designs
B) True experimental designs
C) Quasi-experimental designs
D) Statistical designs
E) Concurrent designs

Accepted Answer

True experimental designs are characterized by the ability to randomly assign test units to experimental groups and treatments to experimental groups. This allows for greater control over extraneous variables and increases the internal validity of the study.

Question 14

Designs that do not control for extraneous factors by randomization are called ________.
A) true experimental designs
B) quasi-experimental designs
C) statistical designs
D) preexperimental designs
E) extraneous designs

Accepted Answer

Preexperimental designs do not control for extraneous factors by randomization.

Question 15

________ allow for the statistical control and analysis of external variables.
A) Preexperimental designs
B) True experimental designs
C) Quasi-experimental designs
D) Statistical designs
E) External variable designs

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ allow for the statistical control and...

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of preexperimental designs?
A) one-shot case study
B) one-group pretest-posttest design
C) random group
D) static group
E) All are preexperimental designs.

Accepted Answer

Random group is not a type of preexperimental design. The three types of preexperimental designs are one-shot case study, one-group pretest-posttest design, and static group.

Question 17

Which of the following can be symbolized as: EG: R X O1
CG: R O₂
Where,
X = the exposure of a group to an independent variable,treatment,event,the effects of which are to be determined
O = the process of observation or measurement of the dependent variable on the test units or group of units
R = the random assignment of test units or groups to separate treatments
CG = control group EG = experimental group
A) one-shot case study
B) one-group pretest-posttest design
C) posttest-only control group design
D) static group design
E) Pretest-posttest control group design

Accepted Answer

The symbolization indicated in the question corresponds to the posttest-only control group design, where there are two groups, an experimental group (EG) subjected to the independent variable (X) and a control group (CG) that does not receive the treatment. Both groups are randomly assigned (R). In this design, only the dependent variable is measured after the treatment or exposure to the independent variable, that is, only O2 is observed in both groups. Therefore, the correct choice is C, which corresponds to the posttest-only control group design.

Question 18

A(n)________ is a statistical experimental design used to measure the effects of two or more independent variables at various levels and to allow for interactions between variables.
A) multiple time series design
B) posttest-only control group design
C) factorial design
D) one-shot case study
E) interaction design

Accepted Answer

A factorial design is specifically designed to measure the effects of two or more independent variables at various levels and is able to capture any potential interactions between variables. The other options listed do not have this specific focus or design.

Question 19

Which of the following is a way of controlling extraneous variables?
A) randomization
B) personalization
C) quality control
D) extraneous control
E) analysis

Accepted Answer

Randomization is a technique used in experimental design to control for extraneous variables. It involves randomly assigning participants to different groups to ensure that any differences between the groups are due to the treatment being tested rather than some other variable. Personalization and quality control are important but not specific to controlling extraneous variables. Extraneous control is not a recognized technique, and analysis is a step that comes after controlling for extraneous variables.

Question 20

According to the text,which of the following is the most common statistical design?
A) factorial design
B) multiple time series design
C) posttest-only control group design
D) one-shot case study
E) regular matrix design

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the text,which of the following...

Quiz 6: Experimentation and Causal Research

________ allow for the statistical control and analysis of external variables.

True experimental designs include the and .

A preexperimental design in which a single group of test units is exposed to a treatment X and then a single measurement on the dependent variable is taken is called the ________.

Which of the following is NOT one of the broad categories of experimental designs?

The ________ is a preexperimental design in which a group of test units is measured before and after exposure to the treatment.

A design in which a single group of subjects is exposed to a treatment (X) ,and then a single measurement on the dependent variable is taken (O₁) is called a(n) ________.

An experimental design in which the test units are assigned randomly and the experimental group is exposed to the treatment but the control group is not,and no pretest measure is taken is called the ________.

A ________ is an artificial setting for experimentation in which the researcher constructs the desired conditions.

The ________ is a two-group experimental design in which one of the groups acts as a control group,the subjects are not assigned randomly,and measurements are made on both groups following the treatment.

________ are distinguished by the fact that the researcher can randomly assign test units to experimental groups and also randomly assign treatments to experimental groups.

Designs that do not control for extraneous factors by randomization are called ________.

________ allow for the statistical control and analysis of external variables.

Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of preexperimental designs?

A(n) ________ is a statistical experimental design used to measure the effects of two or more independent variables at various levels and to allow for interactions between variables.

Which of the following is a way of controlling extraneous variables?

According to the text,which of the following is the most common statistical design?