Question 1

The ________ of a sample is the middle value when the data are arranged in ascending or descending rank order.

Accepted Answer

The definition given in the question is that of a median. The mean is the average of all values in the sample, the mode is the most common value, the maxima refers to the highest values in the sample, and trend is a general direction in which the data is moving. Therefore, the best choice is A) median.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a statistic that is associated with the measures of location of frequency distribution?

Accepted Answer

Maxima is a measure of dispersion, not location. The other options (mean, mode, median) are all measures of location.

Question 3

A measure of central tendency given as the value that occurs the most in a sample distribution is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

The mode is the measure of central tendency that represents the most frequently occurring value in a sample distribution.

Question 4

Data collected in social media often lend themselves to basic analysis involving frequencies,percentages and cross-tabulations.

Accepted Answer

Yes, data collected in social media can be analyzed using basic statistical methods such as frequencies, percentages, and cross-tabulations which can help to identify patterns and trends in the data.

Question 5

If the distribution is asymmetric,which measure of location is most appropriate if the data is in a nominal scale? If it is in an ordinal scale? If it is in an interval or ratio scale?

Accepted Answer

The answer of If the distribution is asymmetric,which measure of...

Question 6

The ________ is that value obtained by summing the values of all elements in a set and dividing by the number of elements.

Accepted Answer

The definition provided in the question matches the definition of the mean. Therefore, option A is the best choice. The mode is the value that appears most frequently in a set, the median is the middle value when a set is arranged in order, and the maxima is the greatest value in a set. The term 'aggregate' refers to a collection or sum of values, but it is not specific to the calculation of a central tendency like the mean.

Question 7

A mathematical distribution whose objective is to obtain a count of the number of responses associated with different values of one variable and to express these counts in percentage terms is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A frequency distribution is used to count the number of responses associated with different values of one variable and express these counts in percentage terms. A sampling distribution refers to the distribution of sample means or proportions from multiple random samples taken from a population. A random distribution is not a commonly used term in statistics. A systematic distribution refers to a pattern in the arrangement of data points. A chi-square distribution is a probability distribution used in inferential statistics.

Question 8

Which of the following is used to estimate the average when the data have been collected using an interval or ratio scale?

Accepted Answer

The mean is the most appropriate measure of central tendency to estimate the average for data collected using an interval or ratio scale. The mode and median are better suited for nominal and ordinal data, respectively. Maxima refers to the highest value in a dataset and is not a measure of central tendency. Trend refers to the overall pattern in the data and is not a specific measure of central tendency.

Question 9

When using the chi-square statistic in cross-tabulation,the null hypothesis (H₀)will be rejected only when the probability of obtaining a more extreme value is less than 0.05.

Accepted Answer

The significance level for rejecting the null hypothesis (H₀) is typically set at 0.05, meaning that the probability of obtaining a chi-square statistic as extreme or more extreme than the observed one is less than 5% if the null hypothesis is true. Therefore, the null hypothesis will be rejected only when this probability is less than 0.05.

Question 10

According to the text,the ________ is a statistic that describes a location within a data set.

Accepted Answer

The measures of location, also known as measures of central tendency, describe the center or average of a data set. Examples of measures of location include mean, median, and mode.

Question 11

A statistic that indicates the distribution's dispersion is called ________.

Accepted Answer

Measures of variability indicate how spread out or clustered the data is. Examples of measures of variability include range, standard deviation, and variance. Measures of location (A) indicate where the center or midpoint of the data is, such as mean, median, and mode. Measures of association (C) show the relationship between two variables, such as correlation coefficients. Measures of relativity (D) and measures of difference (E) are not common statistical terms.

Question 12

The most common measures of variability are the ________ and ________.

Accepted Answer

The most common measures of variability are the range (the difference between the highest and lowest values in a data set) and the variance (the average of the squared differences from the mean). Therefore, the correct answer is D: range and variance.

Question 13

According to the text,which of the following represents the highest peak of the distribution?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the text,which of the following...

Question 14

The ________ should be used as a measure of location if the distribution is asymmetric and the variable is measured on an ordinal scale.

Accepted Answer

When the distribution is asymmetric and the variable is measured on an ordinal scale, the median is the best choice for a measure of location. This is because the median is less affected by extreme values or outliers, which can skew the mean. Additionally, with an ordinal scale, the use of a mean can be problematic because the distances between values may not be equal. Therefore, the median is a more robust measure of central tendency in this situation.

Question 15

The chi-square statistic can be estimated on counts of data or on percentages.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The chi-square statistic can be estimated on...

Question 16

The ________ is a good measure of location when the variable is inherently categorical or has otherwise been grouped into categories.

Accepted Answer

The mode is the best measure of location for a categorical variable, as it reflects the most frequently occurring category. The mean and median are applicable for continuous variables, while maxima refer to the highest value in a data set and categorical listing is not a measure of location.

Question 17

If the distribution is asymmetric and the variable is measured on a nominal scale,the ________ should be used as a measure of location.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If the distribution is asymmetric and the...

Question 18

A measure of central tendency given as the value above which half of the values fall and below which half of the values fall is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

This definition describes the median, which is calculated by arranging all the values in order and selecting the middle value. Half of the values will be above this middle value (the median) and half will be below it. The mean is the average of all the values, the mode is the value that occurs most frequently, the maxima is the highest value in the dataset, and "binary inflection" is not a statistical term.

Question 19

A frequency distribution ________.

Accepted Answer

A frequency distribution can help identify outliers by showing the frequency of values that are significantly higher or lower than the rest of the data. It can also indicate the shape of the empirical distribution by showing how often each value or range of values occurs. Additionally, a frequency distribution can contain the same information as the margins of a contingency table by showing the number of occurrences of each combination of variables.

Question 20

A frequency distribution for a variable produces ________.

Accepted Answer

A frequency distribution typically includes a table of frequency counts, percentages, and cumulative percentages. Therefore, all of the choices are correct.

Quiz 11: Data Analysis: Frequency Distribution, hypothesis Testing, and Cross-Tabulation