Question 1

Which clinical manifestation is considered the hallmark of atopic dermatitis?

Accepted Answer

Itching is the hallmark of atopic dermatitis, and rubbing and scratching to relieve the itch are responsible for many of the clinical changes of atopic dermatitis.

Question 2

What is a common source of tinea corporis?

Accepted Answer

As in tinea capitis, contact with kittens and puppies is a common source of the disorder.

Question 3

Acne lesions may be divided into inflammatory lesions (pustules, papules, and nodules) and noninflammatory lesions (closed and open comedones).

Accepted Answer

Acne lesions may be divided into inflammatory lesions (pustules, papules, nodules) and noninflammatory lesions (closed and open comedones).

Question 4

Atopic dermatitis is the most common cause of eczema in children.

Accepted Answer

Atopic dermatitis is the most common cause of eczema with a prevalence rate of about 10% to 20% in children and 1% to 3% in adults.

Question 5

What is the cause of molluscum contagiosum?

Accepted Answer

The poxvirus induces epidermal cell proliferation and blocks immune responses that would control the virus.

Question 6

The majority of strawberry hemangiomas require surgical treatment.

Accepted Answer

Approximately 90% of strawberry hemangiomas involute by 5 to 6 years of age, usually without scarring.

Question 7

Which skin disorder has as its hallmark clinical manifestation skin lesions that rupture, creating a thin, flat, honey-colored crust?

Accepted Answer

The lesions begin as small vesicles with a honey-colored serum. Yellow to white-brown crusts form as the vesicles rupture and extend radially .

Question 8

Which leukocytes are elevated in atopic dermatitis?

Accepted Answer

In the acute phase of atopic dermatitis, inflammation is associated with activation of Th-1 cells with overexpression of cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL13) and chemokines (CCL1 and CCL 18) with increases in IgE, eosinophils, and macrophages.

Question 9

In cases of staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome, the most effective treatment is direct application of antibiotics to the skin.

Accepted Answer

When the infection is confirmed, treatment with oral or intravenous antibiotics is begun. Topical antibiotics are ineffective.

Question 10

Koplik spots are characteristic of rubella.

Accepted Answer

Rubeola presents with characteristic pinpoint white spots surrounded by an erythematous ring that develops over the buccal mucosa and are known as Koplik spots.

Question 11

Scabies is a contagious disease caused by the itch mite, Sarcoptes scabiei.

Accepted Answer

Scabies is a contagious disease caused by the itch mite, S. scabiei .

Question 12

Bullous impetigo is caused by a strain of _____ that produces an exfoliative toxin, resulting in a disruption in cellular adhesion.

Accepted Answer

Bullous impetigo is a rarer variant of impetigo caused by S. aureus. The staphylococci produce a bacterial toxin called exfoliative toxin (ET) that causes a disruption in desmosomal adhesion molecules with blister formation.

Question 13

Frequently, diaper dermatitis is secondarily infected with:

Accepted Answer

Frequently the infant with diaper dermatitis is secondarily infected with C. albicans.

Question 14

Pregnant women who contract rubella during the first trimester may have a fetus with congenital defects.

Accepted Answer

Pregnant women who have rubella early in the first trimester have an 80% risk of congenital defects.

Question 15

Which bacterial infection has as its source of infection a staff member in a newborn nursery or a family member with a pustule?

Accepted Answer

The source of the infection is usually a staff member in a newborn nursery or a family member with a pustule who is an asymptomatic carrier.

Question 16

How does a nurse describe the skin lesions caused by tinea capitis or tinea corporis?

Accepted Answer

Lesions are often erythematous, round, or oval scaling patches that spread peripherally with clearing in the center, creating the ring appearance, which is why this disease is commonly referred to as ringworm.

Question 17

Scalded-skin syndrome is the result of staphylococcal infection of burned skin.

Accepted Answer

Scalded-skin syndrome is caused by virulent group II staphylococci, which produce an exfoliative toxin that attacks desmoglein and adhesion molecules and causes a separation of the skin just below the granular layer of the epidermis. The toxins are usually produced at body sites other than the skin and arrive at the epidermis through the circulatory system. Staphylococci typically are not found in the skin lesions themselves.

Question 18

Fungal disorders of the skin are known as mycoses and when caused by dermatophytes, the mycoses are termed tinea.

Accepted Answer

Fungal disorders are known as mycoses and, when caused by dermatophytes (fungi that thrive on keratin), the mycoses are termed tinea (dermatophytosis or ringworm).

Question 19

Which immunoglobulin is elevated in atopic dermatitis?

Accepted Answer

In the acute phase of atopic dermatitis, inflammation is associated with activation of Th-1 cells with overexpression of cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL13) and chemokines (CCL1 and CCL18) with increases in IgE, eosinophils, and macrophages.

Question 20

Impetigo is a common viral skin infection in infants and children.

Accepted Answer

Impetigo is a common bacterial skin infection in infants and children, usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus or group A streptococci.

Quiz 45: Alterations of the Integument in Children