Question 1

You have just experienced a major loss in your life. The stress, tension, and anxiety are overwhelming. Your doctor suggests using a technique that involves learning to emit alpha waves through feedback from an EEG. This technique is called

Accepted Answer

BFT involves using feedback from an EEG to learn how to emit alpha waves, which can help reduce stress, tension, and anxiety. This technique is often used in conjunction with other therapies, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, to treat a variety of mental health conditions. EEG (Electroencephalogram) is the tool used to monitor brainwaves during the therapy. EMG (Electromyography) is a tool used to measure muscle activity, and CDC stands for Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which is not relevant to this question.

Question 2

People are capable of lowering their muscle tension by feedback from an

Accepted Answer

Electromyograph is a device used to measure muscle tension or activity. Therefore, feedback from an electromyograph can help people lower their muscle tension by becoming aware of the tension levels and consciously trying to reduce them. The other options, electroencephalograph, enteroencephalograph, and enterocephalograph, measure brain activity, digestive system activity, and brain-gut axis activity, respectively, and are not directly related to muscle tension.

Question 3

Bodily functions that were once thought to be beyond voluntary control but that can nowadays be changed with feedback include

Accepted Answer

All of these bodily functions (heart rate, blood pressure, and sweat in the palm of the hand) can be changed with biofeedback, a technique that uses electronic devices to measure physiological responses and provide feedback to help individuals learn to control them.

Question 4

In an early experiment done by Neal Miller, some rats were stimulated in their pleasure centers if they lowered their heart rates. Other rats were stimulated when they raised their heart rates. They all managed to learn to change their heart rates. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

The experiment described involves the use of biofeedback training, which is the process of learning to control physiological functions using feedback from electronic instruments. The rats were able to learn to control their heart rates based on the feedback they received when their pleasure centers were stimulated. This is not an example of classical or operant conditioning, as the rats were not being rewarded or punished for specific behaviors.

Question 5

American adults use drugs for many different reasons. These include

Accepted Answer

American adults use drugs for a variety of reasons, including to cope with insomnia and fatigue, to fit in with peers, and to seek pleasure or avoid reality. Therefore, all of the given choices are correct.

Question 6

Nichola Spano proposed hypnotized individuals would act in a way consistent with their beliefs about how a hypnotized subject should act. This is known as ________ and is a part of the ________ theory.

Accepted Answer

Nichola Spano's proposal is known as strategic role enactment and it is a part of the multifactorial theory of hypnosis. This theory suggests that hypnosis is influenced by various factors such as social and cultural expectations, past experiences, and cognitive processes. It proposes that hypnotized individuals would act in a way that is consistent with their beliefs about how a hypnotized subject should act.

Question 7

Jablochka says that she is a chronic alcoholic. When she stopped drinking suddenly, she experienced terrifying hallucinations, heavy sweating, general disorientation, and restlessness. She was most likely experiencing the symptoms of

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described by Jablochka are typical of delirium tremens (the DTs), which is a severe and potentially life-threatening complication of alcohol withdrawal. It is characterized by intense hallucinations, confusion, agitation, and physical symptoms such as sweating and tremors. It is most commonly seen in chronic alcoholics who stop drinking suddenly, and requires immediate medical attention.

Question 8

Neodissociation theory suggests that hypnosis is caused by

Accepted Answer

Neodissociation theory suggests that hypnosis is caused by selective attention, meaning that individuals will attend more closely to certain stimuli and ignore others. This theory proposes that hypnosis involves a dissociation between various cognitive processes, allowing individuals to selectively attend to certain suggestions or experiences while ignoring others.

Question 9

Transcendental meditation is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Transcendental meditation is considered to be a simplified form of Far Eastern meditation, as it involves the use of a mantra to transcend the conscious mind and reach a state of deep relaxation and inner awareness.

Question 10

Recent research conducted by the Institute of Social Research has found that, in general, illicit drug use by high school students is

Accepted Answer

The passage states that recent research conducted by the Institute of Social Research has found that illicit drug use by high school students is declining.

Question 11

According to the American Psychiatric Association, the crucial factor(s) in substance abuse is/are

Accepted Answer

The American Psychiatric Association emphasizes that substance abuse is primarily characterized by the disruption it causes in an individual's life, rather than the amount consumed or the social setting.

Question 12

Ivanka is a college student who has developed a tolerance to heroin and experiences withdrawal symptoms whenever she doesn't have a "fix" at least every eight hours. She feels that she has lost control and has to organize her life around her habit. She would be classified as having

Accepted Answer

Ivanka is experiencing withdrawal symptoms and has organized her life around her habit, indicating dependence rather than just abuse or use. According to the American Psychiatric Association, substance dependence is diagnosed when an individual displays tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, and experiences a loss of control over their substance use.

Question 13

Which of the following supports the genetic predisposition theory of drug abuse?

Accepted Answer

The fact that adopted children whose biological parents are alcoholics are more likely to be alcoholics supports the genetic predisposition theory of drug abuse. This suggests that there is an inherited biological component to drug and alcohol addiction.

Question 14

During meditation, activities such as __________ are suspended.

Accepted Answer

During meditation, breathing and respiration continue naturally and normally. Perspiration may or may not occur depending on the environment and intensity of the meditation. However, the activity that is intentionally suspended during meditation is problem-solving or any other thinking activity. The aim of meditation is to quiet the mind and attain a state of mental calmness, which is not possible if problem-solving or other thinking activities continue.

Question 15

Focusing consciousness to alter one's relationship with the world is used to describe

Accepted Answer

Focusing consciousness to alter one's relationship with the world is most commonly associated with the practice of meditation that involves deep relaxation, a quieting of the mind, and a heightened sense of awareness. While hypnosis and biofeedback may involve changing one's relationship with the world, they are not typically described as focused consciousness practices. Mesmerism, an outdated practice typically involving physical touch, is not commonly used or recognized in modern psychology.

Question 16

According to the role theory view of hypnosis, the changes in behavior that are attributed to hypnotic trance

Accepted Answer

Role theory suggests that the behaviors seen in hypnosis can be replicated by instructing individuals to act as if they are hypnotized, indicating that these behaviors are not unique to a hypnotic state but rather a social role being played.

Question 17

Any system that provides information about a bodily function is known as

Accepted Answer

Biofeedback is a system that provides information about a bodily function, allowing an individual to learn how to control it. A systems loop and direct feedback loop are not specific enough to describe this type of system, and biosystems reinforcement is not a commonly used term in this context.

Question 18

One of the findings of the Institute of Social Research at the University of Michigan is that more seniors in high school use ________ than cigarettes.

Accepted Answer

The Institute of Social Research at the University of Michigan has been conducting an annual survey since 1975 called Monitoring the Future. According to their 2020 survey, more high school seniors reported using marijuana (35.9%) in the past year compared to cigarettes (22.3%). Therefore, the best choice is A, marijuana.

Question 19

A good hypnotist will create an expectation of cooperation with his or her subject, thereby creating what is known as a

Accepted Answer

A response set is created by a hypnotist to establish an expectation of cooperation with the subject, which is crucial for the effectiveness of hypnosis. This involves the subject's readiness to respond to the hypnotist's suggestions.

Question 20

In his classic study of TM, Benson found that meditation leads to

Accepted Answer

Benson's classic study of TM found that meditation leads to a relaxation response. Although spiritual awakening and expanded consciousness may be potential benefits of meditation, Benson specifically focused on the physiological effects of TM and the relaxation response it induces. The option of more intense hypnagogic states was not discussed in Benson's study.

Quiz 4: Consciousness