Question 1

The central nervous system includes all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

The central nervous system comprises the brain and the spinal cord, which are responsible for receiving and processing sensory information and sending motor commands to the peripheral nervous system. Nerves that reach the tissues in limbs are part of the peripheral nervous system, which is outside of the central nervous system. Microglial cells are a type of glial cell found in the central nervous system that support and protect neurons. Therefore, the correct answer is C, nerves that reach the tissues in limbs.

Question 2

Polyomavirus particles can be observed in the _____ cells of the nervous system.

Accepted Answer

Polyomavirus particles are typically observed in the oligodendrocyte cells of the nervous system.

Question 3

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome is a complication of _____.

Accepted Answer

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome is a serious complication primarily associated with meningococcal meningitis. It is characterized by sudden adrenal gland failure and often leads to shock, multi-organ failure, and death.

Question 4

Hib vaccine is limited to:

Accepted Answer

The Hib vaccine is limited to preventing Haemophilus meningitis and Haemophilus encephalitis, making choices A and B correct. The vaccine indirectly prevents mental retardation by preventing these serious infections that can cause brain damage. Therefore, both A and B are valid options, making D the best answer.

Question 5

________ can be especially dangerous to pregnant women causing abortion,stillbirth,or neonatal death.

Accepted Answer

Listeriosis is a bacterial infection caused by Listeria monocytogenes that can be transmitted through contaminated food or from mother to fetus during pregnancy. It can lead to severe complications for the fetus, including abortion, stillbirth, or neonatal death. Meningococcal meningitis, streptococcal meningitis, and Haemophilus meningitis can also cause serious health problems, but they are not specifically known to be especially dangerous to pregnant women.

Question 6

Which term refers to aggregates of neuron cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Ganglia refers to aggregates of neuron cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system.

Question 7

Acute meningitis is consistent with all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

Acute meningitis is characterized by a sudden onset of symptoms, usually within 24-48 hours, rather than an insidious onset occurring over a period of weeks.

Question 8

Treatment for tubercular meningitis includes:

Accepted Answer

Isoniazid is a first-line antitubercular medication used in the treatment of tuberculosis, including tubercular meningitis. Penicillin, tetracycline, and amphotericin B are not used for treating tuberculosis.

Question 9

Which of the following viral encephalitis infections is not caused by a togavirus?

Accepted Answer

St. Louis encephalitis is caused by a flavivirus, not a togavirus. The other options are caused by togaviruses.

Question 10

A foodborne pathogen that can cause meningitis is _____.

Accepted Answer

Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that can not only cause gastroenteritis but also meningitis, especially in immunocompromised individuals and pregnant women. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis are common causes of bacterial meningitis, but they are not typically associated with foodborne transmission. Staphylococcus epidermidis is a commensal bacterium and is not known to cause meningitis.

Question 11

Herpes meningoencephalitis usually follows _____.

Accepted Answer

Herpes meningoencephalitis typically follows a generalized herpes infection, where the virus spreads from the primary infection site to the central nervous system. A bacterial infection of the respiratory tract, a fever blister outbreak, or an outbreak of genital herpes would not typically lead to herpes meningoencephalitis.

Question 12

The most common domestic rabid animals in the United States today are _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most common domestic rabid animals in...

Question 13

Acanthamoeba polyphaga can accumulate on the surface of water in hot tubs. Upon infection,they cause:

Accepted Answer

Acanthamoeba polyphaga can cause eye ulcerations, skin ulcerations, and meningoencephalitis upon infection.

Question 14

Which of the following terms refers to special thick-walled capillaries without pores in their walls?

Accepted Answer

The blood-brain barrier refers to special thick-walled capillaries without pores in their walls. These capillaries prevent certain substances, such as bacteria and toxins, from entering the brain.

Question 15

All of the following statements about rabies are true except:

Accepted Answer

Rabies progresses to the brain via retrograde axonal transport, not by the flow of cytoplasm through axons.

Question 16

The most common cause of meningitis in adults is:

Accepted Answer

While all of these organisms can potentially cause meningitis, Streptococcus pneumoniae is currently the most common cause of meningitis in adults, especially in countries that have implemented vaccination programs against Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae type B. Listeria monocytogenes is also a common cause of meningitis in immunocompromised adults, pregnant women, and elderly individuals.

Question 17

Which of the following is a cellular component of the immune system that protects the brain?

Accepted Answer

Microglial cells are a type of immune cell that are found in the brain and spinal cord. They play a crucial role in protecting the brain from infections and other harmful substances. Ganglia are clusters of nerve cells found outside the brain and spinal cord, while the meninges are the protective layers that cover the brain and spinal cord. The blood-brain barrier is a specialized barrier that prevents many substances from entering the brain and is not a cellular component of the immune system.

Question 18

The most sensitive method for detecting rabies is _____.

Accepted Answer

The most sensitive method for detecting rabies is immunofluorescent antibody test. This test uses fluorescently labeled antibodies to detect the presence of the rabies virus in a sample, such as a tissue biopsy from an infected animal or a specimen from a suspected rabid human. This method has high sensitivity and specificity, and can detect the virus even in very low levels in the sample. Finding Negri bodies in brain cells is a traditional method, but it may not always be present and is less sensitive than the immunofluorescent antibody test. Finding anti-rabies antibodies in the serum indicates past exposure to the virus, but it is not a reliable method for diagnosing an active infection. Finding the symptoms of disease is not a diagnostic method, as the symptoms of rabies are non-specific and may resemble many other viral infections.

Question 19

While over 90% of populations that live in closed environments (such as military bases,dormitories and day-care centers are carriers)only 1 of 1000 carriers will have meningitis. This statement refers to _____.

Accepted Answer

Neisseria meningitidis is known for its high carrier rate in closed populations, such as military bases and dormitories, but only a small fraction of carriers develop meningitis.

Question 20

Which of the following is not a viral or bacterial cause of meningitis?

Accepted Answer

Naegleria fowleri is an amoeba, not a virus or bacterium, and it causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, not traditional bacterial or viral meningitis.

Quiz 24: Diseases of the Nervous System