Question 1

Cole has been directed by upper management to lay off five of his team members.Each employee has merits,and he has worked with them for many years.At which stage of the decision-making process will Cole's emotions and intuition most likely play an important role?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cole has been directed by upper management...

Question 2

In double-loop learning,a person changes his or her ________ as a result of experience ________.

Accepted Answer

In double-loop learning, a person changes both their behavior and the beliefs that underlie the behavior as a result of experience. This is in contrast to single-loop learning, where only behavior is changed in response to experience.

Question 3

Brendan and Leo are looking to purchase their first home.Which of the following identifies weighted decision criteria they might establish for this decision?

Accepted Answer

Weighting decision criteria involves ranking the importance of different factors. For Brendan and Leo's decision on purchasing their first home, it would be most effective to rank the general importance of characteristics such as price, neighborhood, and lot size. This allows them to prioritize what is most important to them when making their decision. Option A provides no ranking or weighting, Option B is unranked, and Option D is too specific and involves data on individual homes rather than establishing criteria for the decision as a whole.

Question 4

Which statement is accurate about decision making?

Accepted Answer

Decision making is not a purely rational process as it involves not only the evaluation of logical information but also subjective factors such as emotions, biases, and personal experiences.

Question 5

Nan wants to take her newly adopted son on his first real summer vacation.Nan considered a camping trip,going to a big theme park,and even a cruise,but she decided to rent a cottage on Cape Cod because her parents took her there when she was little.Which sentence best describes Nan's decision making?

Accepted Answer

Nan's decision is influenced by her emotional connection and memories of visiting Cape Cod as a child, rather than purely logical reasoning.

Question 6

Sarah and Yuri are getting married and have tasted ten different wedding cakes.All of them are great,but they can't seem to agree on a final selection.With so many other things to focus on,they decide to go with the mid-priced cake and move on.Sarah and Yuri are ________.

Accepted Answer

Sarah and Yuri are satisficing, which means they are settling for an option that is "good enough" rather than trying to find the best possible choice. They are choosing the mid-priced cake, which is likely a compromise between their individual preferences and budgets.

Question 7

People who carry out double-loop learning are ________ to repeat problem behavior because they have ________ the beliefs that underlie their behavior.

Accepted Answer

Double-loop learning involves questioning the underlying assumptions and beliefs that lead to problem behavior. Through this process, individuals are more likely to change their beliefs and therefore less likely to repeat the problematic behavior. Therefore, the correct choice is A - not likely to repeat problem behavior because their beliefs have changed.

Question 8

Teresa has been researching a number of colleges.After seeing a TV profile of students at Humboldt State,she decided to apply there because they seemed like "her kind of people." Which sentence best describes her decision making?

Accepted Answer

Teresa is relying on her intuition, or a gut feeling, based on what she saw on the TV profile of students at Humboldt State. This decision is more emotional and subjective rather than analytical or logical.

Question 9

Jose has spent the last three weekends test-driving new cars.At which stage of the decision-making process will Jose actually buy his car?

Accepted Answer

Jose has already test-driven new cars, which means he has analyzed alternatives and identified reasonable criteria. Therefore, he is at the stage where he is ready to implement a specific alternative, which is buying a car.

Question 10

You meet a dog named Sam.How are you likely to store this information in your brain?

Accepted Answer

BSchema theory suggests that we categorize information based on existing cognitive structures or schemas. When you meet a dog named Sam, you are likely to integrate this information into an existing "ordinary dog name" schema (A), where it joins other dog names you know. Additionally, it's possible to create a new "dog name" schema specifically for Sam while retaining other schemas (B), especially if Sam has unique characteristics that distinguish him from other dogs you know.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a lesson that the 80/20 rule teaches?

Accepted Answer

The 80/20 rule, also known as the Pareto principle, states that roughly 80% of effects come from 20% of causes. This includes the idea that a small number of people can make a big difference in the outcome of events (A), a large number of people can make a small difference in the outcome of events (B), and that it's important to pay attention to the people who make a difference (D). However, it doesn't teach that a small number of people can make a small difference (C).

Question 12

Martin wrote a screenplay and wants to pitch it to production companies.The Hollywood Creative Directory lists over 400 companies.Martin wants to find the best targets for his script,but he doesn't have time to research that many companies.What will likely affect his decision-making process?

Accepted Answer

Bounded rationality will likely affect Martin's decision-making process because it refers to the limitations on time, information, and resources that individuals face when making decisions. Given Martin's lack of time to research all 400 companies, he will have to make a decision based on limited information, which is a classic example of bounded rationality in action.

Question 13

Many of Efraim's friends are applying to an experimental college in upstate New York.The program sounds interesting,but he heard from someone that the school's sustainability reports were rejected two years running.So that school is off his list.What is impacting Efraim's decision making?

Accepted Answer

Efraim's decision is influenced by the devil effect, where a single negative aspect disproportionately affects his overall view of the college, leading him to dismiss it entirely despite other potentially positive attributes.

Question 14

Jennifer has identified ten things she needs in a vacation spot.She winnows her list down to the four most important issues: price,climate,outdoor activities,and food.What does this short list represent?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jennifer has identified ten things she needs...

Question 15

Which of the following statements about stereotypes is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

Stereotypes are not always obvious and may be subtle or implicit. It is important to be aware of these hidden stereotypes as they can still have a significant impact on our attitudes and behaviors.

Question 16

Sabrina needs to decide where to travel during her sabbatical.Sabrina is very methodical,so she starts a database with a file for each city she's dreamed of seeing,including Rome,Paris and Ankara.This describes which step of the formal decision-making process?

Accepted Answer

Sabrina is in the initial phase of the formal decision-making process where she is identifying and listing the different alternatives available to her. In this case, the alternatives are the different cities that she has dreamed of visiting.

Question 17

Chantal is facing one of the most important decisions of her life-finding a wedding planner! When she interviews and evaluates proposals from different planners,Chantal is ________.

Accepted Answer

When Chantal is evaluating proposals from different planners, she is analyzing alternatives to determine which one is the best fit for her needs and preferences. Therefore, analyzing alternatives is the most appropriate choice. The other options may come into play during the decision-making process, but they are not as relevant to the initial stage of evaluating different options.

Question 18

Paola is using a formal decision-making process to buy a new car.She has already identified her problem as: Which car should she buy? Which of the following identifies criteria that Paola might establish for her decision?

Accepted Answer

Criteria for decision-making are the characteristics or standards used to evaluate options, such as price, reliability, and style in this context.

Question 19

You meet a dog named Kitty.How would a person most likely store this information in the brain?

Accepted Answer

The brain is likely to store the information about a dog named Kitty in a new or existing schema for unusual or atypical dog names because the name "Kitty" is typically associated with cats, making it an unusual name for a dog. This contrasts with conventional dog names and requires a distinct category to reconcile the expectation with the reality.

Question 20

Marta is pregnant and has gone through a methodical process to find an OB/GYN.Once she selects a doctor,why does Marta need to carry out the final step in the decision-making process?

Accepted Answer

The final step in the decision-making process involves evaluating the outcome to determine if the problem has been successfully solved. In Marta's case, this means assessing whether the OB/GYN she selected meets her needs and expectations.

Quiz 6: The Human Side of Planning: Decision Making and Critical Thinking