Question 1

Saliva is produced in the mouth by three pairs of salivary glands: the parotid, submandibular, and:​

Accepted Answer

The three pairs of salivary glands that produce saliva in the mouth are the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. The other answer choices (occipital, supramandibular, lingual, and maxillary) do not refer to salivary glands.

Question 2

The innermost layer of the esophagus is called the:​

Accepted Answer

The innermost layer of the esophagus is called the mucosa, which is made up of epithelial cells and has a protective layer of mucus to aid in food transport.

Question 3

Which intervention is most appropriate for preventing "baby bottle tooth decay?"​

Accepted Answer

Removing a bottle from the child's mouth during sleep prevents prolonged exposure to sugary liquids, which can cause tooth decay.

Question 4

Which best describes the pharyngeal phase of swallowing?​

Accepted Answer

The pharyngeal phase of swallowing is an involuntary reflex where the bolus is moved from the throat to the esophagus.

Question 5

Which activity may increase the risk of development of dental caries?​
​

Accepted Answer

Sipping sugared beverages for prolonged periods exposes the teeth to prolonged acid attacks, which breaks down the enamel and increases the risk of dental caries.

Question 6

Control of gastric secretions is accomplished through complementary actions of the nervous and endocrine systems, and involves four major chemical messengers: acetylcholine, histamine, gastrin, and:​

Accepted Answer

The three main chemical messengers that stimulate gastric secretion are acetylcholine, histamine, and gastrin, while somatostatin is the chemical messenger that inhibits gastric secretion. Therefore, the best choice that completes the statement is C) somatostatin.

Question 7

Hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor are secreted in the stomach by:​

Accepted Answer

Parietal cells are responsible for secreting hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor in the stomach.

Question 8

Inflammation of the oral mucosa that is often associated with fungal infections or with herpes-like viruses is called:​

Accepted Answer

Stomatitis is the inflammation of the oral mucosa which can be caused by fungal infections or herpes-like viruses. Gingivitis is inflammation of the gums, cheilosis is cracking and inflammation of the lips, glossitis is inflammation of the tongue, and xerostomia is dry mouth. None of these conditions are specifically associated with fungal infections or herpes-like viruses.

Question 9

Which is considered a true statement regarding hiatal hernia?​

Accepted Answer

Pregnancy can increase the risk of developing hiatal hernia due to the increased pressure on the abdomen. A is incorrect as type 1 (sliding) is the most common type of hiatal hernia. B is incorrect as symptoms of hiatal hernia are specific to the condition and not similar to Crohn's disease. C is incorrect as the incidence of hiatal hernia actually increases with age. E is incorrect as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is a surgical procedure used for weight loss and not for treating hiatal hernia.

Question 10

A dietitian is providing nutrition information to a patient with a jaw fracture who has had a maxillomandibular fixation. Which type of food would the dietitian most likely tell the client to avoid?

Accepted Answer

Rye bread should be avoided because it is tough and chewy, making it difficult to consume for someone with a maxillomandibular fixation, as they are typically restricted to a liquid or soft diet.

Question 11

What is an example of a change in gastrointestinal physiology that occurs with aging?​

Accepted Answer

Atrophy of the small intestine mucosa is a common gastrointestinal change that occurs with aging. This can lead to a reduction in absorptive surface area and impaired nutrient absorption.

Question 12

A jaw fracture that results in multiple pieces of bone is called a:

Accepted Answer

A comminuted fracture is a type of fracture where the bone is broken into multiple pieces or fragments. This can happen in situations of significant force or trauma to the bone, such as with a car accident or a fall from a high height. A jaw fracture that results in multiple pieces of bone would be classified as a comminuted fracture.

Question 13

What is an example of a nutrition intervention recommended for stomatitis?​

Accepted Answer

The recommendation to avoid extremes of hot or cold food temperatures can help to reduce irritation and pain in the mouth, which is a common symptom of stomatitis. Increasing intake of carbonated beverages (A) may aggravate symptoms and should be avoided. Consuming even small amounts of alcohol can be irritating to the mouth and should be avoided altogether (B). While keeping the mouth clean is important, alcohol-based mouth rinses (D) may be too harsh and further irritate the mouth. Oral topical anesthetics (E) may provide temporary relief, but overuse can lead to further irritation and should be avoided.

Question 14

A patient with dysphagia aspirates food approximately 10% of the time while eating and has no cough reflex. According to the Dysphagia Severity Scale, which level of severity would this​ patient be classified as having?

Accepted Answer

The Dysphagia Severity Scale ranges from 1 (least severe) to 7 (most severe). A patient who aspirates about 10% of the time and lacks a cough reflex would be classified as level 5, indicating a severe impairment that significantly impacts safety and efficiency of swallow, necessitating alternative methods of nutrition.

Question 15

Which medication is classified as a proton pump inhibitor?​

Accepted Answer

Nexium is classified as a proton pump inhibitor, while Mylanta and Gaviscon are antacids and Pepcid AC and Reglan are H2 blockers.

Question 16

Which is a true statement regarding eosinophilic esophagitis?​

Accepted Answer

EoE has only been recognized as a distinct clinical entity within the past 20 years.

Answer: B
 The immune cells involved with EoE include eosinophils, T cells, and mast cells, but not B cells or white blood cells.

Answer: D
 Symptoms of EoE in adults include difficulty swallowing, chest or abdominal pain, and acid reflux.

Answer: None
 Choice C and E are both false statements. EoE is often triggered by certain foods, and metoclopramide is not a standard form of treatment for EoE.

Question 17

Food storage occurs primarily in which part of the stomach?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Food storage occurs primarily in which part...

Question 18

What best describes a nutrition intervention for xerostomia?​

Accepted Answer

Adding extra sauces and gravies to foods can help moisten food, making it easier to swallow for individuals with xerostomia (dry mouth).

Question 19

Which complication is most likely associated with Barrett's esophagus?

Accepted Answer

Barrett's esophagus is a condition where the cells in the lining of the esophagus change in response to prolonged exposure to stomach acid. This can increase the risk of esophageal cancer.

Question 20

Which is an example of a factor that contributes to lower esophageal sphincter incompetence?​

Accepted Answer

Cigarette smoking is an example of a factor that contributes to lower esophageal sphincter incompetence. Nicotine in cigarettes relaxes the lower esophageal sphincter, allowing stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus, leading to heartburn and potentially the development of GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease).

Quiz 14: Diseases of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract

Saliva is produced in the mouth by three pairs of salivary glands: the parotid, submandibular, and:

The innermost layer of the esophagus is called the:

Which intervention is most appropriate for preventing "baby bottle tooth decay?"

Which best describes the pharyngeal phase of swallowing?

Which activity may increase the risk of development of dental caries?

Control of gastric secretions is accomplished through complementary actions of the nervous and endocrine systems, and involves four major chemical messengers: acetylcholine, histamine, gastrin, and:

Hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor are secreted in the stomach by:

Inflammation of the oral mucosa that is often associated with fungal infections or with herpes-like viruses is called:

Which is considered a true statement regarding hiatal hernia?

A dietitian is providing nutrition information to a patient with a jaw fracture who has had a maxillomandibular fixation. Which type of food would the dietitian most likely tell the client to avoid?

What is an example of a change in gastrointestinal physiology that occurs with aging?

A jaw fracture that results in multiple pieces of bone is called a:

What is an example of a nutrition intervention recommended for stomatitis?

A patient with dysphagia aspirates food approximately 10% of the time while eating and has no cough reflex. According to the Dysphagia Severity Scale, which level of severity would this patient be classified as having?

Which medication is classified as a proton pump inhibitor?

Which is a true statement regarding eosinophilic esophagitis?

Food storage occurs primarily in which part of the stomach?

What best describes a nutrition intervention for xerostomia?

Which complication is most likely associated with Barrett's esophagus?

Which is an example of a factor that contributes to lower esophageal sphincter incompetence?

Quiz 14: Diseases of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract

Saliva is produced in the mouth by three pairs of salivary glands: the parotid, submandibular, and:​

The innermost layer of the esophagus is called the:​

Which intervention is most appropriate for preventing "baby bottle tooth decay?"​

Which best describes the pharyngeal phase of swallowing?​

Which activity may increase the risk of development of dental caries?​ ​

Control of gastric secretions is accomplished through complementary actions of the nervous and endocrine systems, and involves four major chemical messengers: acetylcholine, histamine, gastrin, and:​

Hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor are secreted in the stomach by:​

Inflammation of the oral mucosa that is often associated with fungal infections or with herpes-like viruses is called:​

Which is considered a true statement regarding hiatal hernia?​

A dietitian is providing nutrition information to a patient with a jaw fracture who has had a maxillomandibular fixation. Which type of food would the dietitian most likely tell the client to avoid?

What is an example of a change in gastrointestinal physiology that occurs with aging?​

A jaw fracture that results in multiple pieces of bone is called a:

What is an example of a nutrition intervention recommended for stomatitis?​

A patient with dysphagia aspirates food approximately 10% of the time while eating and has no cough reflex. According to the Dysphagia Severity Scale, which level of severity would this​ patient be classified as having?

Which medication is classified as a proton pump inhibitor?​

Which is a true statement regarding eosinophilic esophagitis?​

Food storage occurs primarily in which part of the stomach?

What best describes a nutrition intervention for xerostomia?​

Which complication is most likely associated with Barrett's esophagus?

Which is an example of a factor that contributes to lower esophageal sphincter incompetence?​

Saliva is produced in the mouth by three pairs of salivary glands: the parotid, submandibular, and:

The innermost layer of the esophagus is called the:

Which intervention is most appropriate for preventing "baby bottle tooth decay?"

Which best describes the pharyngeal phase of swallowing?

Which activity may increase the risk of development of dental caries?

Control of gastric secretions is accomplished through complementary actions of the nervous and endocrine systems, and involves four major chemical messengers: acetylcholine, histamine, gastrin, and:

Hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor are secreted in the stomach by:

Inflammation of the oral mucosa that is often associated with fungal infections or with herpes-like viruses is called:

Which is considered a true statement regarding hiatal hernia?

What is an example of a change in gastrointestinal physiology that occurs with aging?

What is an example of a nutrition intervention recommended for stomatitis?

A patient with dysphagia aspirates food approximately 10% of the time while eating and has no cough reflex. According to the Dysphagia Severity Scale, which level of severity would this patient be classified as having?

Which medication is classified as a proton pump inhibitor?

Which is a true statement regarding eosinophilic esophagitis?

What best describes a nutrition intervention for xerostomia?

Which is an example of a factor that contributes to lower esophageal sphincter incompetence?