Question 1

A new father is ready to take his wife and newborn son home.He proudly tells the nurse who is discharging them that,within the next week,he plans to start feeding the infant cereal between breastfeeding sessions.The nurse can explain to him that beginning solid foods before 6 months may do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Introduction of solid foods before the infant is about 6 months of age may result in overfeeding and decreased intake of breast milk.It is not true that feeding of solids helps infants sleep through the night.The proper balance of carbohydrate,protein,and fat for an infant to grow properly is in the breast milk or formula.

Question 2

Which of the following is a late hunger cue in the newborn?

Accepted Answer

Crying is a late sign of hunger,and infants may become frantic when they have to wait too long to feed.Infants should be fed whenever they exhibit feeding cues such as hand-to-mouth movements,rooting,and mouth and tongue movements.

Question 3

A postpartum woman telephones about her 4-day-old infant.She is not scheduled for a weight check until the infant is 10 days old,and she is worried about whether breastfeeding is going well.Effective breastfeeding is indicated by the newborn who does which of the following?

Accepted Answer

After day 4,when the mother's milk comes in,the infant should have six to eight wet diapers every 24 hours.Sleeping for 6 hours between feedings is not an indication of whether the infant is breastfeeding well.Typically,infants sleep 2 to 4 hours between feedings,depending on whether they are being fed on a 2- to 3-hour schedule or cluster fed.The infant should have a minimum of three bowel movements in a 24-hour period.Breastfed infants typically gain 15 to 30 g/day.

Question 4

What should the nurse be aware of with regard to the qualities of human breast milk?

Accepted Answer

These growth spurts (10 days,3 weeks,6 weeks,3 months)usually last 24 to 48 hours,after which infants resume normal feeding.The milk of mothers of preterm infants is different from that of mothers of full-term infants to meet the needs of these newborns.Milk changes composition during feeding.The fat content of the milk increases as the infant feeds.Colostrum precedes mature milk and is more concentrated and richer in proteins and minerals (but not fat).

Question 5

Which statement is true about bottle-feeding using commercially prepared infant formulas?

Accepted Answer

Exposure to cow's milk,which is in formula,poses a risk of developing allergies,eczema,and asthma.Iron is better absorbed from breast milk than from formula.Multivitamin supplements are not needed with commercial formulas.

Question 6

What is the best reason for recommending formula over breastfeeding?

Accepted Answer

Breastfeeding is contraindicated when mothers have certain viruses,are undergoing chemotherapy,are using drugs,or have had a bilateral mastectomy.A lack of confidence,the need for others to feed the baby,and the convenience of bottle-feeding are all honest reasons for not breastfeeding,although further education concerning the ease of breastfeeding and its convenience,benefits,and adaptability (expressing milk into bottles)might change some minds.In any case,the nurse must provide information in a nonjudgemental manner and respect the mother's decision.Breastfeeding is definitely contraindicated when the mother has medical or drug issues of her own.

Question 7

A primiparous woman is delighted with her newborn son and wants to begin breastfeeding as soon as possible.The nurse can facilitate the infant's correct latch-on by helping the woman hold the infant in which position?

Accepted Answer

The infant's head and body should be in correct alignment with the mother and the breast during latch-on and feeding.Holding the infant with his arms folded together over his chest,curled up in a fetal position,or with his head cupped in her hand are not ideal positions to facilitate latch-on.

Question 8

At a 2-month well-baby examination,it was discovered that a breastfed infant had only gained 300 g in the past 4 weeks.The mother and the nurse agree that,to gain weight faster,the infant needs to do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Usually the solution to slow weight gain is to improve the feeding technique.Position and latch-on are evaluated,and adjustments are made.It may help to add a feeding or two in a 24-hour period.Solid foods should not be introduced to an infant for at least 4 to 6 months.Bottle-feeding may cause nipple confusion and limit the supply of milk.Iron supplements have no bearing on weight gain.

Question 9

A new mother wants to be sure that she is meeting her daughter's needs while feeding her commercially prepared infant formula.The nurse should evaluate the mother's knowledge about appropriate infant care.The mother meets her child's needs when she does which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Most infants swallow air when fed from a bottle and should be given a chance to burp several times during a feeding and after the feeding.Solid food should not be introduced to the infant for at least 6 months after birth.A microwave should never be used to warm any food to be given to an infant.The heat is not distributed evenly,which may pose a risk of burning the infant.Any formula left in the bottle after the feeding should be discarded because the infant's saliva has mixed with it.

Question 10

The nurse is discussing storage of breast milk with a mother whose infant is preterm and in the special care unit.Which statement would indicate that the mother needs additional teaching?

Accepted Answer

If the mother states that she can store her breast milk in the refrigerator for 3 months,she needs additional teaching about safe storage.Breast milk can be stored at room temperature for 6 to 8 hours,in the refrigerator for 5 to 8 days,in the freezer for 6 months,or in a deep freezer for 12 months.

Question 11

Which statement about the benefits or limitations of breastfeeding is not accurate?

Accepted Answer

Breastfeeding actually decreases the risk of childhood obesity.There are multiple benefits of breastfeeding.Breast milk changes over time to meet changing needs as infants grow.Long-term studies have shown that the benefits of breast milk continue after the infant is weaned.Breast milk and breastfeeding may enhance cognitive development.

Question 12

Which statement is incorrect regarding the benefits to the mother associated with breastfeeding?

Accepted Answer

Women who breastfeed have a decreased risk of breast cancer,an increase in bone density,and a possibility of quicker postpartum weight loss.The lactational amenorrhea method of birth control can be a highly effective temporary method of birth control for the first 6 months,not 1 year,if the woman is exclusively breastfeeding.

Question 13

With regard to the nutrient needs of breastfed and formula-fed infants,nurses should be aware of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Human milk contains only small amounts of vitamin D; therefore,breastfeeding infants should receive oral vitamin D drops daily until their diet provides this or they are 1 year of age.Neither breastfed nor formula-fed infants need to be given water,not even in very hot climates.During the first 3 months formula-fed infants consume more energy than breastfed infants and thus tend to grow more rapidly.Vitamin K shots are required for all infants because the bacteria that produce it are absent from the baby's stomach at birth.

Question 14

What should the nurse keep in mind when helping the breastfeeding mother position the baby for nursing?

Accepted Answer

The infant inevitably faces the mother,belly to belly.The football position usually is preferred after Caesarean birth.Women with perineal pain and swelling prefer the side-lying position because they can rest while breastfeeding.The mother should never push on the back of the head.It may cause the baby to bite,hyperextend the neck,or develop an aversion to being brought near the breast.

Question 15

A new mother recalls from prenatal class that she should try to feed her newborn daughter when she exhibits hunger cues,rather than waiting until her infant is crying frantically.On the basis of this information,which cue should the nurse alert this woman to regarding feeding her infant?

Accepted Answer

Sucking motions,rooting,mouthing,and hand-to-mouth motions are examples of feeding-readiness cues.Waving the arms in the air,hiccupping,and stretching the legs out straight are not typical hunger cues.

Question 16

A breastfeeding woman develops engorged breasts at 3 days' postpartum.What action would help this woman achieve her goal of reducing the engorgement?

Accepted Answer

The mother should be instructed to attempt to feed the baby or pump frequently.Skipping feedings may cause further swelling and discomfort.If the infant does not feed adequately and empty the breast,the mother may pump to extract the milk and relieve some of the discomfort.Dehydration further irritates swollen breast tissue.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is correct regarding recommendations about infant nutrition according to the Canadian Paediatric Society?

Accepted Answer

The World Health Organization (WHO),Health Canada,and Canadian Paediatric Society (CPS)recommend exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life for healthy,term infants.Breastfeeding or human milk should also be the sole source of milk for the second 6 months.Infants start on solids when they are ready,usually at 6 months,regardless of whether they start on formula or breast milk.If infants are weaned from breast milk before 12 months,they should receive iron-fortified formula,not cow's milk.Breastfeeding or human milk should also be the sole source of milk for the second 6 months.

Question 18

According to demographic research,which woman would be least likely to breastfeed and thus most likely to need education on the benefits and proper techniques of breastfeeding?

Accepted Answer

Women least likely to breastfeed typically are younger than 25 years of age,have a lower income,are less educated,are employed full-time outside the home,and are African-Canadian.

Question 19

Nurses should be able to tell breastfeeding mothers that all of these are signs that the infant has latched on correctly to her breast,except which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The clicking or smacking sound may indicate that the baby is having difficulty keeping the tongue out over the lower gum ridge.The mother should hope to hear the sound of swallowing.The tugging sensation without pinching is a good sign.Rounded cheeks are a good sign.A smoothly gliding jaw is a good sign.

Question 20

Which is true in relation to the process whereby parents awaken the infant to feed every 3 hours during the day and at least every 4 hours at night?

Accepted Answer

The parents do this to make sure that the infant gets at least eight feedings in 24 hours.Demand feeding is when the infant determines the frequency of feedings; this is appropriate once the infant is feeding well and gaining weight.The supply-meets-demand system is a milk production system that occurs naturally.Cluster feeding is not a problem if the baby gets eight feedings in 24 hours.

Quiz 26: Newborn Nutrition and Feeding