Question 1

Which comment indicates that the mother of a toddler needs further teaching about dental care?

Accepted Answer

Children should first see the dentist 6 months after the first primary tooth erupts and no later than age 30 months.Toddlers need fluoride supplements when they use a water supply that is not fluorinated.Toddlers also require supervision with dental care.The parent should finish brushing areas not reached by the child.A small nylon bristle brush works best for cleaning toddlers' teeth.

Question 2

The nurse is assessing parental knowledge of temper tantrums.Which are true statements regarding temper tantrums? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Temper tantrums are a common response to anger and frustration in toddlers.They occur more often when toddlers are tired,hungry,bored,or excessively stimulated.A nap prior to fatigue or a snack if mealtime is delayed will be helpful in alleviated the times when tantrums are most likely to occur.Tantrums may include screaming,kicking,throwing things,biting themselves,or banging their head.Effective management of tantrums includes safely isolating and ignoring the child.The child should learn that nothing is gained by having a temper tantrum.Giving into the child's demands only increases the behavior.

Question 3

Which are characteristics of the physical development of a 30-month-old child? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Usually by age 30 months,the primary dentition of 20 teeth is completed,and the child has sphincter control in preparation for bowel and bladder control.A doubling of birth weight,opening of the anterior fontanel,and doubling of length are not characteristic of the physical development of a 30-month-old child.

Question 4

What information should a nurse provide a mother who is concerned about preventing sleep problems in her 2-year-old child?

Accepted Answer

The preschooler has a great imagination.Sounds and shadows can have a negative effect on sleeping behavior.Night-lights provide the child with the ability to visualize the environment and decrease the fear felt in a dark room.A dark,quiet room may be scary to a preschooler.High-carbohydrate snacks increase energy and do not promote relaxation.Most 2 year olds take one nap each day.Many give up the habit by age 3.Insufficient rest during the day can lead to irritability and difficulty sleeping at night.

Question 5

The parent of a 16 month old asks,"What is the best way to keep our toddler from getting into our medicines at home?" The nurse should provide which advice?

Accepted Answer

The major reason for poisoning in the home is improper storage.Toddlers can climb,unlatch cabinets,and obtain access to high-security places.For medications,only a locked cabinet is safe.Toddlers can climb by using furniture.High places are not a deterrent to an exploring toddler.Toddlers are not able to generalize as dangerous all of the different forms of medications that may be available in the home.Teaching them not to touch medicines is not feasible.Many parents require medications for chronic illnesses.They must be taught safe storage for their home and when they visit other homes.

Question 6

A nurse is planning care for a hospitalized toddler in the preoperational thinking stage.Which characteristics should the nurse expect in this stage? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

The characteristics of preoperational thinking that occur for the toddler include egocentrism (views everything in relation to self),animism (believes that inert objects are alive),and magical thinking (believes that thinking something causes that event).Concrete thinking is seen in school-age children and ability to reason is seen with adolescents.

Question 7

Motor vehicle injuries are a significant threat to young children.Knowing this,the nurse plans a teaching session with a toddler's parents on car safety.Which will she teach? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Toddlers younger than 2 years should be secured in a rear-facing,upright,approved car safety seat.After the age of 2 years,a forward-facing car seat can be used.Harness straps should be adjusted to provide a snug fit.The car safety seat should be placed in the middle of the rear seat.Children younger than 13 years should not ride in a front passenger seat that is equipped with an air bag.

Question 8

Which is the most fatal type of burn in the toddler age-group?

Accepted Answer

Flame burns from matches and lighters represent one of the most fatal types of burns in the toddler age-group.Scald burns from water,hot object burns from cigarettes or irons,and electric burns from outlets are all significant causes of burn injury.The child should be protected from these causes by reducing the temperature of the hot water in the home,keeping objects such as cigarettes and irons away from children,and placing protective guards over electrical outlets when not in use.

Question 9

A 16 months old,falls down a few stairs and then gets up and "scolds" the stairs as if they caused the fall.This is an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Animism is the attribution of life-like qualities to inanimate objects.By scolding the stairs,the toddler is attributing human characteristics to them.Ritualism is the need to maintain sameness and reliability.It provides a sense of comfort to the toddler.Irreversibility is the inability to reverse or undo actions initiated physically.Steven is acting in an age-appropriate manner.

Question 10

What is the leading cause of death during the toddler period?

Accepted Answer

Injuries are the single most common cause of death in children ages 1 through 4 years.It is the period of highest death rate from injuries of any childhood age-group except adolescence.Infectious and childhood diseases are less common cause of deaths in this age-group.Congenital disorders are the second leading cause of death in this age-group.

Question 11

What is the primary purpose of a transitional object?

Accepted Answer

Decreasing anxiety,particularly separation anxiety,is the function of a transitional object; it provides comfort to the toddler in stressful situations and helps make the transition from dependence to autonomy.A decrease in parental guilt (distress)is an indirect benefit of a transitional object.A transitional object may be part of a bedtime ritual,but it may not keep the child quiet at bedtime.A transitional object does not significantly affect negativity and tantrums,but it can comfort a child after tantrums.

Question 12

Parents have been using a rearward-facing,convertible car seat since their baby was born.The parents should be taught that most car seats can be safely switched to the forward-facing position when the child reaches which age?

Accepted Answer

It is now recommended that all infants and toddlers ride in rear-facing car safety seats until they reach the age of 2 years or the height or weight recommended by the car seat manufacturer.Children 2 years old and older who have outgrown the rear-facing height or weight limit for their car safety seat should use a forward-facing car safety seat with a harness up to the maximum height or weight recommended by the manufacturer.One year is too young to switch to a forward-facing position.

Question 13

Which toy is the most developmentally appropriate for an 18- to 24-month-old child?

Accepted Answer

Push-pull toys encourage large muscle activity and are appropriate for toddlers.Nesting blocks are more appropriate for a 12- to 15-month-old child.A bicycle with training wheels is appropriate for a preschool or young school-age child.A computer can be appropriate as early as the preschool years.

Question 14

Which gross motor milestones should the nurse assess in an 18-month-old child? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

An 18-month-old child can jump in place with both feet,throw a ball overhand without falling,and pull and push toys.Taking a few steps on tiptoe and standing on one foot momentarily are not acquired until 30 months of age.

Question 15

Which should the nurse expect for a toddler's language development at age 18 months?

Accepted Answer

During the second year of life,level of comprehension and understanding of speech increases and is far greater than the child's vocabulary.This is also true for bilingual children,who are able to achieve this linguistic milestone in both languages.The 18-month-old child has a vocabulary of 10 or more words.At this age,the child does not use one-word sentences or phrases.The child has a limited vocabulary of single words that are comprehensible.

Question 16

What is the rationale for the nurse recommends to parents that peanuts are not a good snack food for toddlers?

Accepted Answer

Foreign-body aspiration is common during the second year of life.Although they chew well,children at this age may have difficulty with large pieces of food such as meat and whole hot dogs and with hard foods such as nuts or dried beans.Peanuts have many beneficial nutrients but should be avoided because of the risk of aspiration in this age-group.The sodium level may be a concern,but the risk of aspiration is more important.Many foods pass through the gastrointestinal tract incompletely digested.This is not necessarily detrimental to the child.

Question 17

The mother of an 18-month-old child is concerned because the child's appetite has decreased.Which is the best response for the nurse to make to the mother?

Accepted Answer

Toddlers need small,frequent meals.Nutritious selection throughout the day,rather than quantity,is more important with this age-group.Physiologically,growth slows and appetite decreases during the toddler period.Milk consumption should not exceed 16 to 24 ounces daily.Juice should be limited to 4 to 6 ounces per day.Increasing the amount of milk will only further decrease solid food intake.Supplemental vitamins are important for all children,but they do not increase appetite.

Quiz 32: The Toddler and Family