Question 1

According to Rogers,which individual would be most likely to show the best psychological adjustment?

Accepted Answer

According to Rogers' theory of self, individuals who were raised with unconditional positive regard, meaning they were accepted and valued regardless of their behavior, are more likely to have a positive self-concept and show better psychological adjustment. This is because they have experienced consistent love and acceptance, which promotes personal growth and authentic self-expression. Therefore, choice C is the best answer.

Question 2

The MMPI-2 is most closely aligned with which personality perspective?

Accepted Answer

The MMPI-2 is a personality assessment tool that measures various personality traits such as anxiety, depression, and paranoia. The trait perspective emphasizes identifying and measuring specific personality traits that can be used to predict behavior, which is the primary focus of the MMPI-2.

Question 3

Humanistic theory has been praised for ____.

Accepted Answer

Humanistic theory has been praised for encouraging people to become more aware of themselves, their personal goals, and their innermost desires. This self-awareness can lead to personal growth and fulfillment. Humanistic theory does not rely on scientific methods or observations and does not focus on animalistic tendencies in humans.

Question 4

A person who is conditionally loved ____.

Accepted Answer

When love is conditional, the individual may feel that they are only worthy of love if they meet certain expectations or criteria. This can lead to feelings of inadequacy or low self-esteem, which may increase the risk of developing a mental health disorder. However, it is not a guarantee that someone who is conditionally loved will develop a disorder, as each individual experience is unique.

Question 5

Rudy is giving a lecture on the strengths and weaknesses of the humanistic view of personality.Which of the following is he most likely to mention?

Accepted Answer

The humanistic view of personality, pioneered by psychologists such as Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow, emphasizes individual potential for growth and the role of unique perceptions in guiding behavior. It has indeed been incorporated into various therapeutic approaches, notably person-centered therapy, which focuses on creating a supportive environment for individuals to explore and fulfill their potential. This approach contrasts with more deterministic views, offering a more optimistic perspective on human nature and capabilities.

Question 6

A 567-item true/false self-report test that compares individual responses to samples of others who are either "normal" or known to have a mental health disorder is the ____.

Accepted Answer

The MMPI-2 (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2) is a true/false self-report test that compares individual responses to samples of others who are either "normal" or known to have a mental health disorder. The Rorschach inkblot test and Thematic Apperception Test are projective tests, while the Myers-Briggs Test is a personality inventory, none of which are directly related to assessing mental health disorders like the MMPI-2.

Question 7

Jagmeet is a trait theorist who has been asked to suggest a method for testing personality.If Jagmeet relies upon his theoretical background,he is most likely to suggest a ____.

Accepted Answer

Trait theorists typically rely on personality inventories to measure personality traits. These inventories typically use self-report measures to assess a person's personality based on their responses to questions about their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Projective tests, behavioral rating scales, and clinical interviews are all used in personality assessment, but are not typically associated with the trait approach to personality.

Question 8

As an individual matures,her self-concept becomes ____.

Accepted Answer

As an individual matures, experiences more things, and interacts with different people, their self-concept becomes more detailed. They gain a better understanding of their strengths, weaknesses, likes, and dislikes, leading to a more complex and nuanced self-concept.

Question 9

Eduardo loves Sue regardless of the things she does.According to humanists,Eduardo is exhibiting ____.

Accepted Answer

Eduardo is showing unconditional positive regard, which is a term used in humanistic psychology to describe an attitude of acceptance and support toward another person regardless of their behavior or the situation. This term was coined by Carl Rogers, who viewed it as an essential component of healthy relationships and personal growth.

Question 10

If a researcher gives a personality test to several individuals and then gives them the same tests a few weeks later,she is most likely testing the ____ of the personality tests.

Accepted Answer

Reliability refers to the consistency of a test or measurement over time. By administering the same test to the same individuals at different points in time, the researcher is assessing the test's reliability.

Question 11

If a researcher gives a personality test to several individuals and compares their resulting personality profiles with actual observations of the individuals' behavior,she is undoubtedly testing the ____ of the personality tests.

Accepted Answer

The researcher is testing the validity of the personality tests by comparing the personality profiles with actual observations of behavior. Validity refers to the extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure.

Question 12

Evan takes a personality test and it reveals that he is extraverted.Evan takes the same personality test six months later and it reveals that he is introverted.This personality test has ____.

Accepted Answer

The fact that Evan's personality trait changed from extraverted to introverted within six months suggests that the personality test used does not have high reliability, meaning it is not consistent over time.

Question 13

A personality test that consists of true/false statements about personality characteristics is most likely a ____.

Accepted Answer

A personality inventory typically consists of true/false or multiple choice questions that assess a wide range of personality traits and characteristics. Rating scales are typically used to measure the intensity or frequency of one specific behavior or trait. Projective tests involve ambiguous stimuli that require the individual to project their own thoughts and feelings onto them. Clinical interviews involve open-ended questioning and discussion between the individual and clinician.

Question 14

The fact that people sometimes kill others,pollute the environment,and abuse their own bodies is most difficult for which theory of personality to explain?

Accepted Answer

Humanistic theory emphasizes the innate goodness and potential for growth within individuals. It may be difficult for this theory to explain behaviors such as killing, pollution, and self-harm, as they contradict the idea of a person's inherent positive nature.

Question 15

Humanistic personality theory has been criticized for ____.

Accepted Answer

Humanistic personality theory has been criticized for having a naïve and overly optimistic view of behavior, believing in the inherent goodness and free will of individuals, which some argue is unrealistic and does not always reflect real-world conditions.

Question 16

According to Carl Rogers,as a person is exposed to important others such as parents,teachers,and peers,the person ____.

Accepted Answer

According to Rogers' theory of self-concept, a person's self-concept is developed through interactions with important others in their life. As a result, the person may internalize the values and beliefs of these significant individuals and begin to value these things within themselves. This process contributes to the development of a consistent self-concept for the individual.

Question 17

Jamie's parents try to help her feel that she is worthy of their love and acceptance no matter what she would ever do.Her parents could best be described as giving ____.

Accepted Answer

Jamie's parents are providing her with unconditional positive regard, which means they accept and love her for who she is, regardless of her actions or behavior. This approach is a key component of humanistic psychology and is believed to be important for healthy emotional development. The other answer choices (B, C, and D) are not relevant to the description of Jamie's parents.

Question 18

The MMPI-2 is a ____.

Accepted Answer

The MMPI-2 is a personality inventory that is used to assess a wide range of psychological disorders and personality traits. It consists of multiple-choice questions that assess a variety of areas such as depression, anxiety, personality traits, and behavioral patterns. It is not a rating scale, clinical interview, or projective test.

Question 19

Two criteria to determine the suitability of personality tests are ____.

Accepted Answer

Reliability and validity are two essential criteria to determine the suitability of personality tests. Reliability refers to the consistency and stability of the test results over time and across different raters. Validity, on the other hand, refers to the extent to which the test measures what it is intended to measure and how well it predicts related outcomes. These two criteria ensure that the personality test is accurate and trustworthy.

Question 20

Twenge's research shows that ____ has increased in samples of college students over the past few decades.

Accepted Answer

Twenge's research shows that narcissism has increased in college students over the past few decades, as measured by the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI).

Quiz 11: Personality