Question 1

An effect in which a prior measurement affects the test unit's response to the independent variable is called nonresponse bias.

Accepted Answer

Nonresponse bias occurs when individuals who do not participate in a study differ in significant ways from those who do, potentially skewing the results. The effect described is known as a carryover effect, where a prior treatment affects subsequent treatments in a study.

Question 2

True experimental designs include the pretest-posttest control group design and the posttest-only control group design.

Accepted Answer

True experimental designs refer to designs that involve the random assignment of participants to different groups and manipulation of an independent variable to examine its effect on a dependent variable. Two common true experimental designs are the pretest-posttest control group design and the posttest-only control group design.

Question 3

Statistical designs allow for the statistical control and analysis of external variables.

Accepted Answer

Statistical designs involve careful selection and management of external variables to control for their potential effects on the outcome variable. Statistical analysis can then be applied to examine the relationship between the predictor variable and the outcome variable while controlling for these external factors.

Question 4

A laboratory environment involves measurement of behavior, attitudes, or perceptions in the environment in which they occur.

Accepted Answer

A laboratory environment typically involves a controlled setting where variables can be manipulated and behaviors observed under specific conditions, rather than measuring behaviors, attitudes, or perceptions in their natural environment.

Question 5

All of the experimental designs discussed in the book can be implemented within the context of the virtual world but not the real social world.

Accepted Answer

Experimental designs can also be implemented in the real social world, as they are commonly used in fields such as psychology and education. However, the virtual world can also offer unique opportunities for conducting experimental research.

Question 6

An experimental design in which the experimental group is exposed to the treatment but the control group is not and no pretest measure is taken is called the posttest-only control group design.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. In the posttest-only control group design, participants are assigned to either an experimental group that receives the treatment or a control group that does not, and no pretest measure is taken. The outcome is measured only after the treatment is given, which allows researchers to determine if there is a significant difference between the two groups.

Question 7

Designs that do not control for extraneous factors by randomization are called true experimental design.

Accepted Answer

The statement is incorrect. Designs that do not control for extraneous factors by randomization are called quasi-experimental designs. True experimental designs involve randomization of participants into experimental and control groups to control for extraneous factors.

Question 8

A preexperimental design in which a single group of test units is exposed to a treatment X, and then a single measurement on the dependent variable is taken, is called the one-shot case study.

Accepted Answer

This is the correct description of a one-shot case study design.

Question 9

It is possible to give monetary incentive in the form of Linden dollars in Second Life but nonmonetary incentives cannot be given.

Accepted Answer

Nonmonetary incentives such as recognition, virtual gifts, and exclusive access can be given in Second Life in addition to monetary incentives in the form of Linden dollars.

Question 10

Responses given because the respondents attempt to guess the purpose of the experiment and respond accordingly are called demand artifacts.

Accepted Answer

Demand artifacts are responses given by study participants that are based on their attempt to guess the purpose or hypothesis of the experiment, rather than their true beliefs or behaviors. This can bias the results of the study and is a common concern in research design.

Question 11

Designs that apply part of the procedures of true experimentation, while lacking full experimental control are called quasi-experimental designs.

Accepted Answer

Quasi-experimental designs apply some procedures of true experimentation but lack full experimental control, such as random assignment to groups.

Question 12

A time series design that includes another group of test units to serve as a control group is called a multiple time series design.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately describes a multiple time series design.

Question 13

A factorial design is a statistical experimental design used to measure the effects of two or more independent variables at various levels and to allow for interactions between variables.

Accepted Answer

This is the definition of a factorial design.

Question 14

The one-group pretest-posttest design is a quasi-experimental design that involves periodic measurements on the dependent variable for the group of test units.

Accepted Answer

The one-group pretest-posttest design involves measuring the dependent variable for the group of test units before and after the treatment, not periodically.

Question 15

According to the text, factorial designs are the most common statistical designs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the text, factorial designs are...

Question 16

Preexperimental designs are distinguished by the fact that the researcher can randomly assign test units to experimental groups and also randomly assign treatments to experimental groups.

Accepted Answer

Preexperimental designs do not involve random assignment of test units to experimental groups or random assignment of treatments to experimental groups.

Question 17

A field environment is an artificial setting for experimentation in which the researcher constructs the desired conditions.

Accepted Answer

A field environment is an actual natural setting, not an artificial setting. In a field environment, the researcher can observe and measure natural behaviors and interactions without manipulating the conditions.

Question 18

The random group is a preexperimental design in which a group of test units is measured before and after exposure to the treatment.

Accepted Answer

The random group is not a preexperimental design. It is a term used to describe a group of individuals who are randomly selected to participate in a study, but there is no control group or comparison group. The preexperimental design refers to a design in which a group of test units is measured before and after exposure to the treatment, but it lacks the control group needed to make causal inferences.

Question 19

The static group is a two-group experimental design in which one of the groups acts as a control group, the subjects are not assigned randomly, and measurement are made on both groups following the treatment.

Accepted Answer

This is an accurate definition of a static group design.

Question 20

The internal and external validity of field experiments conducted overseas is generally higher than in the United States.

Accepted Answer

Field experiments' internal and external validity can vary widely and is not inherently higher overseas than in the United States; it depends on the specific design, implementation, and context of each experiment.

Quiz 8: Causal Research Design: Experimentation