Question 1

Which cerebral area is involved with judgment and predictive abilities?

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cortex, located in the frontal lobe, is involved in executive functioning, which includes judgment and predictive abilities.

Question 2

Parkinson's disease is the result of

Accepted Answer

Parkinson's disease is caused by the progressive degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain. This leads to a reduction in dopamine in the striatum, which causes the characteristic motor symptoms of the disease.

Question 3

________ centers receive information from many association areas and direct extremely complex motor activities such as speech.

Accepted Answer

Integrative centers in the brain are responsible for processing and integrating information from various association areas, directing complex activities like speech, which involves coordination of multiple brain regions and functions.

Question 4

The highest levels of information processing occur in the

Accepted Answer

The cerebrum is responsible for higher-level thinking processes such as consciousness, emotion, thought, and memory.

Question 5

After suffering a stroke,Mary finds that she cannot move her right arm.This would suggest that the stroke damage is in the area of the ________ lobe.

Accepted Answer

The right frontal lobe controls movement of the left side of the body, while the left frontal lobe controls movement of the right side of the body. Therefore, Mary's inability to move her right arm suggests damage to the left frontal lobe.

Question 6

What symptoms would you expect to see in a patient with damage to the basal nuclei?

Accepted Answer

Damage to the basal nuclei can cause problems in rhythmic movements related to skeletal muscles, such as tremors, stiffness, and difficulty initiating movements, which are all symptoms of Parkinson's disease. The other options are not typically associated with damage to the basal nuclei.

Question 7

Within each hemisphere,deep to the floor of the lateral ventricle,you will find the

Accepted Answer

The basal nuclei, also known as the basal ganglia, are located deep to the floor of the lateral ventricle in each hemisphere. They are responsible for regulating movement and are involved in a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders. The other options listed are not located in this specific area of the brain.

Question 8

A(n)________ is a printed record of the brain's electrical activity over a period of time.

Accepted Answer

An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a printed record of the brain’s electrical activity over a period of time. It can be used to diagnose various neurological conditions such as epilepsy, sleep disorders, and brain damage. An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a printed record of the electrical activity of the heart, while X-rays, CT scans, and MRI are imaging techniques used to visualize various structures within the body.

Question 9

The general interpretive area

Accepted Answer

The general interpretive area allows us to interpret what is read or heard.

Answer: E 
 The general interpretive area may be damaged by even a small stroke.

Question 10

A person with a damaged visual association area may be

Accepted Answer

The visual association area is crucial for integrating visual information and linking it with stored knowledge, which includes the ability to associate letters into words. Damage to this area can impair the ability to synthesize visual components (like letters) into coherent wholes (like words), even though the individual letters can still be seen.

Question 11

________ is a temporary cerebral disorder accompanied by abnormal movements,unusual sensations,and/or inappropriate behavior.

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described in the question are characteristic of a seizure, which is a temporary disturbance of the normal electrical activity in the brain. Dyslexia, apraxia, and aphasia are all language or speech disorders, while Parkinson's disease is a chronic neurological disorder that affects movement, not behavior or sensations.

Question 12

Jane suffers from chronic seizures and in order to control the problem undergoes surgery in which the fibers of the corpus callosum are cut.As a result of this surgery she would likely be unable to

Accepted Answer

The fibers of the corpus callosum connect the two hemispheres of the brain and allow for communication between them. By cutting these fibers, information cannot be transmitted between the hemispheres. As a result, Jane would be unable to verbally identify an object placed in her left hand because the left hemisphere controls language functions and the information from the left hand would only be processed in the right hemisphere. However, she would still be able to move her left arm and touch her nose with her eyes closed because those functions are controlled by the opposite hemisphere of the brain.

Question 13

After suffering a blow to the back of the head,Phil loses his vision.The blow probably caused damage to the

Accepted Answer

The occipital lobe is responsible for processing visual information, so damage to this area could result in vision loss.

Question 14

Excitation of neurons in the basal nuclei would lead to

Accepted Answer

Excitation of neurons in the basal nuclei can lead to increased muscle tone, as these nuclei play a role in regulating motor function and movement. The other choices are not directly related to the basal nuclei.

Question 15

Difficulties in estimating temporal relationships between events may stem from damage to

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cortex is responsible for executive functions such as planning, decision-making, and working memory, which are necessary for estimating temporal relationships between events. Damage to this area can lead to difficulties in this ability.

Question 16

Integrative centers concerned with the performance of complex processes are restricted to either the left or the right hemisphere.These complex processes include

Accepted Answer

Integrative centers are responsible for processing and synthesizing information from various sensory and cognitive inputs to perform complex processes. These processes involve speech and language (left hemisphere) as well as spatial perception and mathematical reasoning (right hemisphere). Therefore, the integrative centers concerned with these processes are restricted to either the left or right hemisphere, making all the given options correct.

Question 17

Damage to the premotor cortex of the frontal lobe would interfere with the ability to

Accepted Answer

The premotor cortex is responsible for planning and coordinating voluntary movements, such as playing the piano. Damage to this area would likely result in difficulty with fine motor control and movement planning. The other options listed do not specifically involve the premotor cortex.

Question 18

Bob is struck on the left side of the head and is knocked unconscious.When he recovers consciousness,he can hear individual words but cannot understand the meaning of phrases or sentences.This implies damage to his

Accepted Answer

Damage to the general interpretive area results in the inability to understand language, though the ability to hear individual words remains intact. The other options are not directly related to language comprehension.

Question 19

If the corpus callosum is surgically cut,

Accepted Answer

Cutting the corpus callosum results in the two hemispheres operating independently, leading to "disconnection syndrome," where each hemisphere cannot communicate with the other. This can cause issues like the inability to verbally identify objects touched by the left hand, as the right hemisphere (which controls the left hand) is not typically involved in language processing.

Question 20

Integrative centers of the brain

Accepted Answer

Integrative centers of the brain receive information from many sensory association areas, which can impact higher intellectual functions and direct motor activities. The Wernicke's area is also an integrative center involved in language comprehension. Therefore, all of the given options are correct.

Quiz 14: The Brain and Cranial Nerves