Question 1

The nurse is caring for a client who is diagnosed with cancer.Which diagnostic tests may be helpful to assist with treatment options? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) Many diagnostic tests are helpful in determining treatment for cancer. An MRI, urinalysis, and tumor markers are all diagnostic tests that may be used to determine treatment for cancer. A stool analysis is not a diagnostic test listed to determine treatment for cancer. A physical assessment may be useful to determine how a client is responding to treatment, but it is not considered a diagnostic test.
B) Many diagnostic tests are helpful in determining treatment for cancer. An MRI, urinalysis, and tumor markers are all diagnostic tests that may be used to determine treatment for cancer. A stool analysis is not a diagnostic test listed to determine treatment for cancer. A physical assessment may be useful to determine how a client is responding to treatment, but it is not considered a diagnostic test.
C) Many diagnostic tests are helpful in determining treatment for cancer. An MRI, urinalysis, and tumor markers are all diagnostic tests that may be used to determine treatment for cancer. A stool analysis is not a diagnostic test listed to determine treatment for cancer. A physical assessment may be useful to determine how a client is responding to treatment, but it is not considered a diagnostic test.
D) Many diagnostic tests are helpful in determining treatment for cancer. An MRI, urinalysis, and tumor markers are all diagnostic tests that may be used to determine treatment for cancer. A stool analysis is not a diagnostic test listed to determine treatment for cancer. A physical assessment may be useful to determine how a client is responding to treatment, but it is not considered a diagnostic test.
E) Many diagnostic tests are helpful in determining treatment for cancer. An MRI, urinalysis, and tumor markers are all diagnostic tests that may be used to determine treatment for cancer. A stool analysis is not a diagnostic test listed to determine treatment for cancer. A physical assessment may be useful to determine how a client is responding to treatment, but it is not considered a diagnostic test.

Question 2

A client being treated with chemotherapy for cancer complains of fatigue,pallor,progressive weakness,exertional dyspnea,headache,and tachycardia.Which diagnosis should the nurse use as the priority when planning this client's care?

Accepted Answer

A) The symptoms (fatigue, pallor, progressive weakness, exertional dyspnea, headache, and tachycardia) are caused by aplastic anemia from bone marrow suppression, which is a side effect of the chemotherapy drugs. Decreased red blood cells cause less oxygen to be delivered to body tissues, resulting in tissue hypoxia. Tachycardia is a compensation mechanism to speed up the delivery of oxygen that is available in the fewer number of cells that are present. Tissue hypoxia will result in muscle fatigue, and the symptoms that are related to aplastic anemia will decrease endurance and ability to perform activities. Thus, this NANDA diagnosis should be the first priority. Nutrition or iron deficiency is not the cause of the symptoms, which are related to tissue hypoxia. Powerlessness is the lack of control over current situations, but this is not the client's current problem. Her needs/symptoms are physical, and according to Maslow's theory must be met prior to emotional needs. Although the client might be having coping issues, the physical symptoms are her greatest complaints; therefore, coping is not the top priority in planning her care. Again, physiological needs must be met prior to self-actualization needs.
B) The symptoms (fatigue, pallor, progressive weakness, exertional dyspnea, headache, and tachycardia) are caused by aplastic anemia from bone marrow suppression, which is a side effect of the chemotherapy drugs. Decreased red blood cells cause less oxygen to be delivered to body tissues, resulting in tissue hypoxia. Tachycardia is a compensation mechanism to speed up the delivery of oxygen that is available in the fewer number of cells that are present. Tissue hypoxia will result in muscle fatigue, and the symptoms that are related to aplastic anemia will decrease endurance and ability to perform activities. Thus, this NANDA diagnosis should be the first priority. Nutrition or iron deficiency is not the cause of the symptoms, which are related to tissue hypoxia. Powerlessness is the lack of control over current situations, but this is not the client's current problem. Her needs/symptoms are physical, and according to Maslow's theory must be met prior to emotional needs. Although the client might be having coping issues, the physical symptoms are her greatest complaints; therefore, coping is not the top priority in planning her care. Again, physiological needs must be met prior to self-actualization needs.
C) The symptoms (fatigue, pallor, progressive weakness, exertional dyspnea, headache, and tachycardia) are caused by aplastic anemia from bone marrow suppression, which is a side effect of the chemotherapy drugs. Decreased red blood cells cause less oxygen to be delivered to body tissues, resulting in tissue hypoxia. Tachycardia is a compensation mechanism to speed up the delivery of oxygen that is available in the fewer number of cells that are present. Tissue hypoxia will result in muscle fatigue, and the symptoms that are related to aplastic anemia will decrease endurance and ability to perform activities. Thus, this NANDA diagnosis should be the first priority. Nutrition or iron deficiency is not the cause of the symptoms, which are related to tissue hypoxia. Powerlessness is the lack of control over current situations, but this is not the client's current problem. Her needs/symptoms are physical, and according to Maslow's theory must be met prior to emotional needs. Although the client might be having coping issues, the physical symptoms are her greatest complaints; therefore, coping is not the top priority in planning her care. Again, physiological needs must be met prior to self-actualization needs.
D) The symptoms (fatigue, pallor, progressive weakness, exertional dyspnea, headache, and tachycardia) are caused by aplastic anemia from bone marrow suppression, which is a side effect of the chemotherapy drugs. Decreased red blood cells cause less oxygen to be delivered to body tissues, resulting in tissue hypoxia. Tachycardia is a compensation mechanism to speed up the delivery of oxygen that is available in the fewer number of cells that are present. Tissue hypoxia will result in muscle fatigue, and the symptoms that are related to aplastic anemia will decrease endurance and ability to perform activities. Thus, this NANDA diagnosis should be the first priority. Nutrition or iron deficiency is not the cause of the symptoms, which are related to tissue hypoxia. Powerlessness is the lack of control over current situations, but this is not the client's current problem. Her needs/symptoms are physical, and according to Maslow's theory must be met prior to emotional needs. Although the client might be having coping issues, the physical symptoms are her greatest complaints; therefore, coping is not the top priority in planning her care. Again, physiological needs must be met prior to self-actualization needs.

Question 3

The nurse accompanies the healthcare provider into the client's room and listens as the diagnosis of cancer is shared with the client and family.Once the healthcare provider leaves the room,the nurse notes that the client and family are teary-eyed regarding the diagnosis.What is the nurse's most appropriate intervention at this time?

Accepted Answer

A) When a client and family receive a new diagnosis of cancer, it tends to evoke many emotions, including fear, grief, and anger. This is not an opportune time to teach or set goals. The client and family require emotional support at this time, and other actions can be initiated when they have time to learn to accept and cope with the diagnosis.
B) When a client and family receive a new diagnosis of cancer, it tends to evoke many emotions, including fear, grief, and anger. This is not an opportune time to teach or set goals. The client and family require emotional support at this time, and other actions can be initiated when they have time to learn to accept and cope with the diagnosis.
C) When a client and family receive a new diagnosis of cancer, it tends to evoke many emotions, including fear, grief, and anger. This is not an opportune time to teach or set goals. The client and family require emotional support at this time, and other actions can be initiated when they have time to learn to accept and cope with the diagnosis.
D) When a client and family receive a new diagnosis of cancer, it tends to evoke many emotions, including fear, grief, and anger. This is not an opportune time to teach or set goals. The client and family require emotional support at this time, and other actions can be initiated when they have time to learn to accept and cope with the diagnosis.

Question 4

The nurse is caring for an adolescent Asian client with a strong family history of breast cancer.What should the nurse instruct the client regarding cancer prevention? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) When there is a familial history of cancer, the family should be encouraged to learn more about the cancer. Talking to family members who have the disease will not help with early detection or prevention. In families with a disease, the nurse should inform clients about breast self-examination. Teaching the side effects of cancer treatment would be appropriate if the client was diagnosed with breast cancer. The client can discuss cancer fears with the nurse; however, this action will not help prevent the development of the disease.
B) When there is a familial history of cancer, the family should be encouraged to learn more about the cancer. Talking to family members who have the disease will not help with early detection or prevention. In families with a disease, the nurse should inform clients about breast self-examination. Teaching the side effects of cancer treatment would be appropriate if the client was diagnosed with breast cancer. The client can discuss cancer fears with the nurse; however, this action will not help prevent the development of the disease.
C) When there is a familial history of cancer, the family should be encouraged to learn more about the cancer. Talking to family members who have the disease will not help with early detection or prevention. In families with a disease, the nurse should inform clients about breast self-examination. Teaching the side effects of cancer treatment would be appropriate if the client was diagnosed with breast cancer. The client can discuss cancer fears with the nurse; however, this action will not help prevent the development of the disease.
D) When there is a familial history of cancer, the family should be encouraged to learn more about the cancer. Talking to family members who have the disease will not help with early detection or prevention. In families with a disease, the nurse should inform clients about breast self-examination. Teaching the side effects of cancer treatment would be appropriate if the client was diagnosed with breast cancer. The client can discuss cancer fears with the nurse; however, this action will not help prevent the development of the disease.
E) When there is a familial history of cancer, the family should be encouraged to learn more about the cancer. Talking to family members who have the disease will not help with early detection or prevention. In families with a disease, the nurse should inform clients about breast self-examination. Teaching the side effects of cancer treatment would be appropriate if the client was diagnosed with breast cancer. The client can discuss cancer fears with the nurse; however, this action will not help prevent the development of the disease.

Question 5

A nurse educator is teaching student nurses about methods of cellular transport.When instructing on passive transportation,which information will the nurse include in the teaching plan?

Accepted Answer

A) Passive cellular transportation does not require energy and includes facilitated diffusion, diffusion, osmosis, and filtration. Active cellular transportation requires energy and includes active transport pumps, endocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and exocytosis.
B) Passive cellular transportation does not require energy and includes facilitated diffusion, diffusion, osmosis, and filtration. Active cellular transportation requires energy and includes active transport pumps, endocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and exocytosis.
C) Passive cellular transportation does not require energy and includes facilitated diffusion, diffusion, osmosis, and filtration. Active cellular transportation requires energy and includes active transport pumps, endocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and exocytosis.
D) Passive cellular transportation does not require energy and includes facilitated diffusion, diffusion, osmosis, and filtration. Active cellular transportation requires energy and includes active transport pumps, endocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and exocytosis.

Question 6

The nurse educator is teaching a group of student nurses regarding human growth and development.Which statement by the student nurse indicates the teaching has been effective?

Accepted Answer

A) The zygote undergoes mitosis to form a multicellular embryo, which becomes a fetus and then an infant. Meiosis, the reduction division of the cell, occurs only in the sex cells of the testes and ovaries. When the two sex cells combine during fertilization, the total number of chromosomes present in the offspring's cells is 46, not 50.
B) The zygote undergoes mitosis to form a multicellular embryo, which becomes a fetus and then an infant. Meiosis, the reduction division of the cell, occurs only in the sex cells of the testes and ovaries. When the two sex cells combine during fertilization, the total number of chromosomes present in the offspring's cells is 46, not 50.
C) The zygote undergoes mitosis to form a multicellular embryo, which becomes a fetus and then an infant. Meiosis, the reduction division of the cell, occurs only in the sex cells of the testes and ovaries. When the two sex cells combine during fertilization, the total number of chromosomes present in the offspring's cells is 46, not 50.
D) The zygote undergoes mitosis to form a multicellular embryo, which becomes a fetus and then an infant. Meiosis, the reduction division of the cell, occurs only in the sex cells of the testes and ovaries. When the two sex cells combine during fertilization, the total number of chromosomes present in the offspring's cells is 46, not 50.

Question 7

A nurse educator is explaining the term hyperplasia to a group of nursing students.Which statement,made by a nursing student,indicates an understanding of why hyperplasia occurs with myocardial infarction?

Accepted Answer

A) Hyperplasia is an increase in density or number of normal cells in response to stress-in this case, the increased demand for oxygen. Cells that lose fluid will shrink in size. The cells of a person's heart do not enlarge as a metabolic response. Metaplasia is a change in the normal pattern of differentiation of cells.
B) Hyperplasia is an increase in density or number of normal cells in response to stress-in this case, the increased demand for oxygen. Cells that lose fluid will shrink in size. The cells of a person's heart do not enlarge as a metabolic response. Metaplasia is a change in the normal pattern of differentiation of cells.
C) Hyperplasia is an increase in density or number of normal cells in response to stress-in this case, the increased demand for oxygen. Cells that lose fluid will shrink in size. The cells of a person's heart do not enlarge as a metabolic response. Metaplasia is a change in the normal pattern of differentiation of cells.
D) Hyperplasia is an increase in density or number of normal cells in response to stress-in this case, the increased demand for oxygen. Cells that lose fluid will shrink in size. The cells of a person's heart do not enlarge as a metabolic response. Metaplasia is a change in the normal pattern of differentiation of cells.

Question 8

The nurse is caring for a client with sickle cell anemia.The nurse teaches the client that the inherited alteration of which type of hemoglobin causes the abnormal shape to the red blood cell?

Accepted Answer

A) The inherited alteration of Hgb S causes the abnormal sickle-shaped red blood cell in sickle cell anemia.
B) The inherited alteration of Hgb S causes the abnormal sickle-shaped red blood cell in sickle cell anemia.
C) The inherited alteration of Hgb S causes the abnormal sickle-shaped red blood cell in sickle cell anemia.
D) The inherited alteration of Hgb S causes the abnormal sickle-shaped red blood cell in sickle cell anemia.

Question 9

A client being treated for cancer has a tumor designation of Stage IV,T4,N3,M 1.What does this staging indicate to the nurse?

Accepted Answer

A) T refers to the depth of invasion. N refers to the absence or presence and extent of lymph node involvement. M refers to presence of metastasis. The numbers range from 0 to 4, with higher numbers indicating increased size and metastasis. Stage IV indicates metastasis. The staging system is not used to determine tumor response to chemotherapy.
B) T refers to the depth of invasion. N refers to the absence or presence and extent of lymph node involvement. M refers to presence of metastasis. The numbers range from 0 to 4, with higher numbers indicating increased size and metastasis. Stage IV indicates metastasis. The staging system is not used to determine tumor response to chemotherapy.
C) T refers to the depth of invasion. N refers to the absence or presence and extent of lymph node involvement. M refers to presence of metastasis. The numbers range from 0 to 4, with higher numbers indicating increased size and metastasis. Stage IV indicates metastasis. The staging system is not used to determine tumor response to chemotherapy.
D) T refers to the depth of invasion. N refers to the absence or presence and extent of lymph node involvement. M refers to presence of metastasis. The numbers range from 0 to 4, with higher numbers indicating increased size and metastasis. Stage IV indicates metastasis. The staging system is not used to determine tumor response to chemotherapy.

Question 10

During a treatment meeting on an oncology unit,the nurse learns that a client is scheduled for chemotherapy before and after surgery.What are the purposes for this client to receive chemotherapy at these specific times? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) It is impossible to eradicate all cancer cells with chemotherapy. Chemotherapy before surgery is used to shrink the tumor. Chemotherapy is used after surgery to kill remaining cancer cells. The use of chemotherapy before and after surgery will not allow the immune system to kill the cancer cells. Chemotherapy is not used to improve wound healing.
B) It is impossible to eradicate all cancer cells with chemotherapy. Chemotherapy before surgery is used to shrink the tumor. Chemotherapy is used after surgery to kill remaining cancer cells. The use of chemotherapy before and after surgery will not allow the immune system to kill the cancer cells. Chemotherapy is not used to improve wound healing.
C) It is impossible to eradicate all cancer cells with chemotherapy. Chemotherapy before surgery is used to shrink the tumor. Chemotherapy is used after surgery to kill remaining cancer cells. The use of chemotherapy before and after surgery will not allow the immune system to kill the cancer cells. Chemotherapy is not used to improve wound healing.
D) It is impossible to eradicate all cancer cells with chemotherapy. Chemotherapy before surgery is used to shrink the tumor. Chemotherapy is used after surgery to kill remaining cancer cells. The use of chemotherapy before and after surgery will not allow the immune system to kill the cancer cells. Chemotherapy is not used to improve wound healing.
E) It is impossible to eradicate all cancer cells with chemotherapy. Chemotherapy before surgery is used to shrink the tumor. Chemotherapy is used after surgery to kill remaining cancer cells. The use of chemotherapy before and after surgery will not allow the immune system to kill the cancer cells. Chemotherapy is not used to improve wound healing.

Question 11

A client with anemia is prescribed synthetic erythropoietin.When teaching the client about the therapeutic effect of this treatment,which is appropriate for the nurse to include?

Accepted Answer

A) Erythropoietin is a hormone produced in the body to stimulate production of red blood cells; synthetic forms are available for administration to cancer clients or others with significantly low red blood cell counts. Erythropoietin will not stimulate or decrease the production of platelets, white blood cells, or lymph fluid.
B) Erythropoietin is a hormone produced in the body to stimulate production of red blood cells; synthetic forms are available for administration to cancer clients or others with significantly low red blood cell counts. Erythropoietin will not stimulate or decrease the production of platelets, white blood cells, or lymph fluid.
C) Erythropoietin is a hormone produced in the body to stimulate production of red blood cells; synthetic forms are available for administration to cancer clients or others with significantly low red blood cell counts. Erythropoietin will not stimulate or decrease the production of platelets, white blood cells, or lymph fluid.
D) Erythropoietin is a hormone produced in the body to stimulate production of red blood cells; synthetic forms are available for administration to cancer clients or others with significantly low red blood cell counts. Erythropoietin will not stimulate or decrease the production of platelets, white blood cells, or lymph fluid.

Question 12

The nurse is teaching a class to prospective parents about the roles that ribonucleic acid (RNA)and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)play in the development of the human fetus.Which statements made by the parents indicate understanding of the teaching? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) DNA molecules form the basic genetic material called genes and contain the information about inherited characteristics. RNA is the messenger that carries DNA to the ribosomes. RNA does not determine the color of the eyes, but is responsible for protein synthesis. Both RNA and DNA are contained within the nucleus of each cell.
B) DNA molecules form the basic genetic material called genes and contain the information about inherited characteristics. RNA is the messenger that carries DNA to the ribosomes. RNA does not determine the color of the eyes, but is responsible for protein synthesis. Both RNA and DNA are contained within the nucleus of each cell.
C) DNA molecules form the basic genetic material called genes and contain the information about inherited characteristics. RNA is the messenger that carries DNA to the ribosomes. RNA does not determine the color of the eyes, but is responsible for protein synthesis. Both RNA and DNA are contained within the nucleus of each cell.
D) DNA molecules form the basic genetic material called genes and contain the information about inherited characteristics. RNA is the messenger that carries DNA to the ribosomes. RNA does not determine the color of the eyes, but is responsible for protein synthesis. Both RNA and DNA are contained within the nucleus of each cell.
E) DNA molecules form the basic genetic material called genes and contain the information about inherited characteristics. RNA is the messenger that carries DNA to the ribosomes. RNA does not determine the color of the eyes, but is responsible for protein synthesis. Both RNA and DNA are contained within the nucleus of each cell.

Question 13

A nurse is caring for a client who is diagnosed with skin cancer.Which nursing interventions will reduce the growth of cancer cells and support normal cell function? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) Cancer cells grow faster than normal cells, so they use more nutrients for growth, resulting in wasting, which can only be counteracted by increasing the caloric intake of the client. Increased rest and sleep give the client's body more energy to fight the cancer cells. Because cancer cells can grow in any area of the body, it is important for the nurse to assess normal functioning of all organ systems. Decreasing oxygen supply will retard cancer cell growth but it will also retard normal cell health. While clients should not be inactive, they should be taught to reduce activity to reduce weight loss and provide more energy to the healthy cells.
B) Cancer cells grow faster than normal cells, so they use more nutrients for growth, resulting in wasting, which can only be counteracted by increasing the caloric intake of the client. Increased rest and sleep give the client's body more energy to fight the cancer cells. Because cancer cells can grow in any area of the body, it is important for the nurse to assess normal functioning of all organ systems. Decreasing oxygen supply will retard cancer cell growth but it will also retard normal cell health. While clients should not be inactive, they should be taught to reduce activity to reduce weight loss and provide more energy to the healthy cells.
C) Cancer cells grow faster than normal cells, so they use more nutrients for growth, resulting in wasting, which can only be counteracted by increasing the caloric intake of the client. Increased rest and sleep give the client's body more energy to fight the cancer cells. Because cancer cells can grow in any area of the body, it is important for the nurse to assess normal functioning of all organ systems. Decreasing oxygen supply will retard cancer cell growth but it will also retard normal cell health. While clients should not be inactive, they should be taught to reduce activity to reduce weight loss and provide more energy to the healthy cells.
D) Cancer cells grow faster than normal cells, so they use more nutrients for growth, resulting in wasting, which can only be counteracted by increasing the caloric intake of the client. Increased rest and sleep give the client's body more energy to fight the cancer cells. Because cancer cells can grow in any area of the body, it is important for the nurse to assess normal functioning of all organ systems. Decreasing oxygen supply will retard cancer cell growth but it will also retard normal cell health. While clients should not be inactive, they should be taught to reduce activity to reduce weight loss and provide more energy to the healthy cells.
E) Cancer cells grow faster than normal cells, so they use more nutrients for growth, resulting in wasting, which can only be counteracted by increasing the caloric intake of the client. Increased rest and sleep give the client's body more energy to fight the cancer cells. Because cancer cells can grow in any area of the body, it is important for the nurse to assess normal functioning of all organ systems. Decreasing oxygen supply will retard cancer cell growth but it will also retard normal cell health. While clients should not be inactive, they should be taught to reduce activity to reduce weight loss and provide more energy to the healthy cells.

Question 14

The nurse has completed a seminar teaching a group in the community about ways to reduce cancer risks.The nurse returns a month later to evaluate the effectiveness of the seminar.Which statements made by members of the group indicate retention and application of the material presented by the nurse to reduce the risk of developing cancer? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) Excessive use of alcohol, especially in women, has been linked to increased risk of breast cancer, so reduction in intake would demonstrate understanding. Use of tanning booths increases the risk of skin cancer, so discontinuing use would indicate understanding. Increasing the amount of lean red meat and drinking two glasses of red wine daily are not actions that reduce cancer risk. Increased fiber intake reduces the risk of colon cancer.
B) Excessive use of alcohol, especially in women, has been linked to increased risk of breast cancer, so reduction in intake would demonstrate understanding. Use of tanning booths increases the risk of skin cancer, so discontinuing use would indicate understanding. Increasing the amount of lean red meat and drinking two glasses of red wine daily are not actions that reduce cancer risk. Increased fiber intake reduces the risk of colon cancer.
C) Excessive use of alcohol, especially in women, has been linked to increased risk of breast cancer, so reduction in intake would demonstrate understanding. Use of tanning booths increases the risk of skin cancer, so discontinuing use would indicate understanding. Increasing the amount of lean red meat and drinking two glasses of red wine daily are not actions that reduce cancer risk. Increased fiber intake reduces the risk of colon cancer.
D) Excessive use of alcohol, especially in women, has been linked to increased risk of breast cancer, so reduction in intake would demonstrate understanding. Use of tanning booths increases the risk of skin cancer, so discontinuing use would indicate understanding. Increasing the amount of lean red meat and drinking two glasses of red wine daily are not actions that reduce cancer risk. Increased fiber intake reduces the risk of colon cancer.
E) Excessive use of alcohol, especially in women, has been linked to increased risk of breast cancer, so reduction in intake would demonstrate understanding. Use of tanning booths increases the risk of skin cancer, so discontinuing use would indicate understanding. Increasing the amount of lean red meat and drinking two glasses of red wine daily are not actions that reduce cancer risk. Increased fiber intake reduces the risk of colon cancer.

Question 15

The nurse instructs a group of community members about ways to reduce the development of cancer.Which participant statements indicate that teaching has been effective? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) Efforts to reduce the development of cancer include eating five servings of fruits and vegetables each day. Sunscreen should be used by those who spend time outside regularly for work or recreation. All smoking should be discouraged. The home should be tested for radon, which is a known cancer-causing substance. Children should be protected from exposure to tobacco smoke.
B) Efforts to reduce the development of cancer include eating five servings of fruits and vegetables each day. Sunscreen should be used by those who spend time outside regularly for work or recreation. All smoking should be discouraged. The home should be tested for radon, which is a known cancer-causing substance. Children should be protected from exposure to tobacco smoke.
C) Efforts to reduce the development of cancer include eating five servings of fruits and vegetables each day. Sunscreen should be used by those who spend time outside regularly for work or recreation. All smoking should be discouraged. The home should be tested for radon, which is a known cancer-causing substance. Children should be protected from exposure to tobacco smoke.
D) Efforts to reduce the development of cancer include eating five servings of fruits and vegetables each day. Sunscreen should be used by those who spend time outside regularly for work or recreation. All smoking should be discouraged. The home should be tested for radon, which is a known cancer-causing substance. Children should be protected from exposure to tobacco smoke.
E) Efforts to reduce the development of cancer include eating five servings of fruits and vegetables each day. Sunscreen should be used by those who spend time outside regularly for work or recreation. All smoking should be discouraged. The home should be tested for radon, which is a known cancer-causing substance. Children should be protected from exposure to tobacco smoke.

Question 16

A preschool-age child is seen in a pediatric oncology clinic.The nurse assigned to care for the client anticipates a diagnosis of cancer.Which reactions are considered common for the preschool-age child to experience with illnesses and hospitalizations? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) Preschool-age children are egocentric and have magical thinking, and thus might believe they caused their own illness. This age group may also be confused as to why their parents cannot make the illness go away. Immediate acceptance will not occur with children of any age. Adolescents find contact with others who have gone through their experience helpful. School-age children can understand a diagnosis of cancer. Infants and toddlers are unaware of the severity of the disease.
B) Preschool-age children are egocentric and have magical thinking, and thus might believe they caused their own illness. This age group may also be confused as to why their parents cannot make the illness go away. Immediate acceptance will not occur with children of any age. Adolescents find contact with others who have gone through their experience helpful. School-age children can understand a diagnosis of cancer. Infants and toddlers are unaware of the severity of the disease.
C) Preschool-age children are egocentric and have magical thinking, and thus might believe they caused their own illness. This age group may also be confused as to why their parents cannot make the illness go away. Immediate acceptance will not occur with children of any age. Adolescents find contact with others who have gone through their experience helpful. School-age children can understand a diagnosis of cancer. Infants and toddlers are unaware of the severity of the disease.
D) Preschool-age children are egocentric and have magical thinking, and thus might believe they caused their own illness. This age group may also be confused as to why their parents cannot make the illness go away. Immediate acceptance will not occur with children of any age. Adolescents find contact with others who have gone through their experience helpful. School-age children can understand a diagnosis of cancer. Infants and toddlers are unaware of the severity of the disease.
E) Preschool-age children are egocentric and have magical thinking, and thus might believe they caused their own illness. This age group may also be confused as to why their parents cannot make the illness go away. Immediate acceptance will not occur with children of any age. Adolescents find contact with others who have gone through their experience helpful. School-age children can understand a diagnosis of cancer. Infants and toddlers are unaware of the severity of the disease.

Question 17

The nurse is preparing to perform a health assessment on an adult client who has a family history of cancer.Which questions should the nurse ask the client to assess for the early warning signs of cancer? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) Nurses should assess all clients, especially those with a history of cancer, for early warning signs of cancer. The early warning signs include change in bowel or bladder habits, a sore that does not heal, unusual bleeding or discharge, thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere, indigestion or difficulty swallowing, obvious change in wart or mole, or a nagging cough or hoarseness. Changes in appetite or cough that is associated with seasonal allergies are not associated with the early warning signs of cancer.
B) Nurses should assess all clients, especially those with a history of cancer, for early warning signs of cancer. The early warning signs include change in bowel or bladder habits, a sore that does not heal, unusual bleeding or discharge, thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere, indigestion or difficulty swallowing, obvious change in wart or mole, or a nagging cough or hoarseness. Changes in appetite or cough that is associated with seasonal allergies are not associated with the early warning signs of cancer.
C) Nurses should assess all clients, especially those with a history of cancer, for early warning signs of cancer. The early warning signs include change in bowel or bladder habits, a sore that does not heal, unusual bleeding or discharge, thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere, indigestion or difficulty swallowing, obvious change in wart or mole, or a nagging cough or hoarseness. Changes in appetite or cough that is associated with seasonal allergies are not associated with the early warning signs of cancer.
D) Nurses should assess all clients, especially those with a history of cancer, for early warning signs of cancer. The early warning signs include change in bowel or bladder habits, a sore that does not heal, unusual bleeding or discharge, thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere, indigestion or difficulty swallowing, obvious change in wart or mole, or a nagging cough or hoarseness. Changes in appetite or cough that is associated with seasonal allergies are not associated with the early warning signs of cancer.
E) Nurses should assess all clients, especially those with a history of cancer, for early warning signs of cancer. The early warning signs include change in bowel or bladder habits, a sore that does not heal, unusual bleeding or discharge, thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere, indigestion or difficulty swallowing, obvious change in wart or mole, or a nagging cough or hoarseness. Changes in appetite or cough that is associated with seasonal allergies are not associated with the early warning signs of cancer.

Question 18

A nurse is caring for a client with cancer.The nurse teaches the client about which potentially undesirable cellular alterations that can occur during the cell cycle? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) Potentially undesirable cellular alterations that can occur during the cell cycle include hyperplasia and anaplasia. Hyperplasia is an increase in the number or density of normal cells, while anaplasia is the regression of a cell to an immature or undifferentiated cell type. Differentiation is a normal process occurring over many cell cycles that allows cells to specialize in certain tasks. Dysphagia and adaptation are not a part of the cell cycle.
B) Potentially undesirable cellular alterations that can occur during the cell cycle include hyperplasia and anaplasia. Hyperplasia is an increase in the number or density of normal cells, while anaplasia is the regression of a cell to an immature or undifferentiated cell type. Differentiation is a normal process occurring over many cell cycles that allows cells to specialize in certain tasks. Dysphagia and adaptation are not a part of the cell cycle.
C) Potentially undesirable cellular alterations that can occur during the cell cycle include hyperplasia and anaplasia. Hyperplasia is an increase in the number or density of normal cells, while anaplasia is the regression of a cell to an immature or undifferentiated cell type. Differentiation is a normal process occurring over many cell cycles that allows cells to specialize in certain tasks. Dysphagia and adaptation are not a part of the cell cycle.
D) Potentially undesirable cellular alterations that can occur during the cell cycle include hyperplasia and anaplasia. Hyperplasia is an increase in the number or density of normal cells, while anaplasia is the regression of a cell to an immature or undifferentiated cell type. Differentiation is a normal process occurring over many cell cycles that allows cells to specialize in certain tasks. Dysphagia and adaptation are not a part of the cell cycle.
E) Potentially undesirable cellular alterations that can occur during the cell cycle include hyperplasia and anaplasia. Hyperplasia is an increase in the number or density of normal cells, while anaplasia is the regression of a cell to an immature or undifferentiated cell type. Differentiation is a normal process occurring over many cell cycles that allows cells to specialize in certain tasks. Dysphagia and adaptation are not a part of the cell cycle.

Question 19

The nurse is caring for a client with leukemia.Which treatment should the nurse expect to be prescribed for this client?

Accepted Answer

A) The client with an alteration in cell growth has cancer and will most likely be treated with chemotherapy and antibiotics. Diuretic therapy, IV fluids, and electrolyte replacement are not typically used to treat the cancer, although they may be used if complications develop.
B) The client with an alteration in cell growth has cancer and will most likely be treated with chemotherapy and antibiotics. Diuretic therapy, IV fluids, and electrolyte replacement are not typically used to treat the cancer, although they may be used if complications develop.
C) The client with an alteration in cell growth has cancer and will most likely be treated with chemotherapy and antibiotics. Diuretic therapy, IV fluids, and electrolyte replacement are not typically used to treat the cancer, although they may be used if complications develop.
D) The client with an alteration in cell growth has cancer and will most likely be treated with chemotherapy and antibiotics. Diuretic therapy, IV fluids, and electrolyte replacement are not typically used to treat the cancer, although they may be used if complications develop.

Question 20

The nurse is preparing a seminar that discusses the risk and incidence of cancer and culture.What information is considered culturally correct when teaching about the risk of developing cancer? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) African-American clients are more likely to develop cancer than any other ethnic group. There is no specific information about the Hispanic population. The incidence and mortality rate for cancer are lower in Native American men and women than in any other ethnic or racial group. African-Americans are more likely to develop cancer than any other ethnic or racial group in the United States. Mortality rates for cancer are the lowest amount the Asian/Pacific Islander population.
B) African-American clients are more likely to develop cancer than any other ethnic group. There is no specific information about the Hispanic population. The incidence and mortality rate for cancer are lower in Native American men and women than in any other ethnic or racial group. African-Americans are more likely to develop cancer than any other ethnic or racial group in the United States. Mortality rates for cancer are the lowest amount the Asian/Pacific Islander population.
C) African-American clients are more likely to develop cancer than any other ethnic group. There is no specific information about the Hispanic population. The incidence and mortality rate for cancer are lower in Native American men and women than in any other ethnic or racial group. African-Americans are more likely to develop cancer than any other ethnic or racial group in the United States. Mortality rates for cancer are the lowest amount the Asian/Pacific Islander population.
D) African-American clients are more likely to develop cancer than any other ethnic group. There is no specific information about the Hispanic population. The incidence and mortality rate for cancer are lower in Native American men and women than in any other ethnic or racial group. African-Americans are more likely to develop cancer than any other ethnic or racial group in the United States. Mortality rates for cancer are the lowest amount the Asian/Pacific Islander population.
E) African-American clients are more likely to develop cancer than any other ethnic group. There is no specific information about the Hispanic population. The incidence and mortality rate for cancer are lower in Native American men and women than in any other ethnic or racial group. African-Americans are more likely to develop cancer than any other ethnic or racial group in the United States. Mortality rates for cancer are the lowest amount the Asian/Pacific Islander population.

Quiz 2: Cellular Regulation