Question 1

The life expectancy at birth of most Europeans is longer than that of Americans.Sociologists explain this difference by focusing on __________.

Accepted Answer

Sociologists explain the difference in life expectancy by focusing on how where people live influences their health, which includes access to healthcare, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.

Question 2

Sally is pregnant and every aspect of her pregnancy is being treated as a medical condition by her health team,family and friends.What does this describe?

Accepted Answer

This describes medicalization, which is the increasing tendency to define normal life events and conditions as medical problems requiring treatment. Sally's pregnancy is being treated as a medical condition, which is an example of medicalization.

Question 3

Why is life expectancy shorter for Americans than Europeans?

Accepted Answer

Not everyone in the U.S. has equal access to healthcare, which can lead to disparities in health outcomes and ultimately affect life expectancy. While the American healthcare system may have some flaws, it is not necessarily inferior to that in Europe. Wealth and genetics are also not the primary factors affecting life expectancy differences between Americans and Europeans.

Question 4

In the nineteenth century,hospitals mainly served which group?

Accepted Answer

In the nineteenth century, hospitals mainly served the poor. The wealthy could afford private health care at home, while the poor relied on hospitals to receive medical attention.

Question 5

__________tend to have more life-threatening chronic diseases,such as heart disease and cancer,while______ tend to suffer from less deadly chronic conditions,like arthritis,anxiety,and depression,that do not lead to premature death.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________tend to have more life-threatening chronic diseases,such...

Question 6

Nursing was seen as an appropriate career for women under which circumstances?

Accepted Answer

Historically, nursing was considered suitable for women when it was under male supervision, reflecting societal norms of gender roles and authority.

Question 7

While some believe that increases in science and medical technology were the reasons for improved general health in the twentieth century,historians and social scientists __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of While some believe that increases in science...

Question 8

During the Dutch famine researcher discovered which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The answer of During the Dutch famine researcher discovered which...

Question 9

The social contexts we inhabit at different stages throughout our lives affect our later health outcomes is called which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The term "life course outcomes" refers to the impact of social contexts at different stages of life on later health outcomes. Epidemiology is the study of patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease in populations. Health disparities refer to differences in health outcomes between different groups in society, and socioeconomic status refers to a person's social and economic position in relation to others in society. While these concepts may be related to life course outcomes, they do not directly refer to the impact of social contexts on later health outcomes.

Question 10

What is one reason that women live longer than men?

Accepted Answer

Men tend to engage in more risk-taking behaviors, which can lead to higher mortality rates compared to women.

Question 11

Differences in health status linked to social,economic,or environmental conditions is called which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Health disparities refer to differences in health outcomes that are closely linked with social, economic, and environmental disadvantage. Health differentials, life-course perspective, and socioeconomic gradient in health are related concepts, but do not fully capture the complex and multi-level factors that contribute to disparities in health.

Question 12

The professionalism of medicine resulted in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The professionalism of medicine resulted in which...

Question 13

The Ontario government passed Bill 45,the Making Healthier Choices Act.The goal of this policy is to encourage consumers to choose healthier options and to create pressure for businesses to offer them.This is an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Ontario government passed Bill 45,the Making...

Question 14

The colonial period of the eighteenth century saw most healthcare being provided by __________.

Accepted Answer

During the colonial period, healthcare was provided mainly by poorly trained local doctors, community folk healers, and religious leaders. There were no formal medical institutions, and medical knowledge was limited. Folk healers would use herbs and spiritual practices to treat patients while local doctors were not always competent. Religious leaders also played a significant role in healthcare as they often provided comfort and advice to the sick.

Question 15

____________is a medical sect from Germany that used infinitesimal doses of medicine to treat disease.

Accepted Answer

Homeopathy is a medical sect from Germany that uses infinitesimal doses of medicine to treat disease. Chiropractic medicine is a complementary and alternative medicine that focuses on the musculoskeletal system. Immunization is a method of preventing infectious diseases through vaccination. Naturopathic medicine is a system of medicine that focuses on natural remedies and treatments.

Question 16

When was midwifery legalized in Ontario?

Accepted Answer

Midwifery was legalized in Ontario in 1991 with the enactment of the Midwifery Act.

Question 17

In the nineteenth century,doctoring took place mainly in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

In the nineteenth century, doctoring often took place in the patient's home as hospitalization was not as common and community clinics were not yet established. Doctors would make house calls to attend to their patients.

Question 18

Who oversaw the curriculum in medical schools?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who oversaw the curriculum in medical schools?
...

Question 19

Even after controlling for SES,Aboriginal people have __________ non-Aboriginal people.

Accepted Answer

Studies have consistently found that Aboriginal people in Canada experience poorer health outcomes compared to non-Aboriginal Canadians, even after controlling for factors such as socioeconomic status. This includes higher rates of chronic diseases, mental health issues, and higher mortality rates.

Question 20

Who was more likely to use a midwife in the nineteenth century?

Accepted Answer

Poor women were more likely to use midwives in the nineteenth century as they couldn't afford the fees charged by physicians or couldn't access their services due to distance, language barriers or discrimination. Middle and upper-class women were more likely to use physicians, as it was a symbol of their social status and also because they had more access to medical education and hospitals.

Quiz 15: Health and Medicine