Question 1

Unlike spamming, email snooping involves:

Accepted Answer

Email snooping involves accessing another person's emails either by intercepting them from intermediate servers or physically accessing their computer. It is different from spamming, which involves flooding email servers and inboxes with junk mail. Encryption and phishing are also different types of cyber attacks.

Question 2

The two critical stepsthat are required to make sure that data can be accessed byapproved users and no one else are:

Accepted Answer

Authentication and authorization are the two critical steps required to ensure that data can be accessed by approved users and no one else. Authentication verifies the user's identity using a unique identifier and a password, while authorization determines what actions and resources the user is allowed to access based on their role and privileges. Empowerment refers to giving users the ability to perform certain tasks or actions, while encryption is the process of encoding data to prevent unauthorized access. While both empowerment and encryption are important for data security, neither of them alone can guarantee that data can be accessed only by authorized users.

Question 3

Unlike spamming, phishing involves:

Accepted Answer

Phishing involves sending fake but real-looking emails and websites that trick users into sharing personal information, while spamming involves clogging and overloading email servers and inboxes with junk mail. Options B and C are related to other types of attacks such as web tracking and keylogging, respectively.

Question 4

_____ usually begins with the user telling the data mining software to look and test for specific patterns and relationships in a data set.

Accepted Answer

In supervised data mining, the user provides inputs in the form of designated patterns or relationships, and the software looks for those specific patterns in a dataset. This is different from unsupervised data mining, which explores patterns and relationships on its own, without user input. Descriptive data mining is a general term that includes both supervised and unsupervised data mining methods. Undirected data mining is not a commonly used term in the data mining field, and therefore, is not the correct answer.

Question 5

In the context of protecting information, _____ is defined as the process of making sure users are who they claim to be.

Accepted Answer

Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a user, device, or system attempting to access a network or application. It ensures that only authorized users have access to sensitive data. Encryption and decryption are methods of encoding and decoding information, while authorization is the process of granting or denying access to specific resources or actions based on a user's identity or role.

Question 6

KST Mart retains large amounts of customer data. To understand customer purchase behavior, the company uses a process that automatically discovers correlations in the collected data. Through this process, the company learns that people who buy bread, typically also buy a packet of butter. As a result, the manager of the supermarket places butter near the shelf that stocks bread. In this scenario, KST Mart has most likely used _____ to process information.

Accepted Answer

KST Mart has used data mining to analyze customer behavior patterns and identify a correlation between the purchase of bread and butter. Data integration refers to the process of consolidating data from different sources, while barcoding and radio frequency tagging are technologies used for tracking inventory and products.

Question 7

Sequence patterns appear when:

Accepted Answer

Sequence patterns involve the occurrence of two or more elements in a specific order, where one element precedes the other, indicating a significant pattern.

Question 8

A _____ stores huge amounts of data that have been prepared for data mining analysis by being cleaned of errors and redundancy.

Accepted Answer

A data warehouse is specifically designed to store data that has already undergone a cleaning process for data mining analysis. Data models, data clusters, and data sets may or may not have undergone the necessary cleaning process.

Question 9

In the context of data mining, _____ occur when two or more database elements tend to occur together in a significant way.

Accepted Answer

Association patterns, also known as frequent itemsets or association rules, are the most appropriate choice for describing the occurrence of two or more database elements together in a significant way. Data clusters refer to groups of similar data points, while time series refer to the analysis of data over time. Predictive patterns are used to predict future outcomes based on historical data.

Question 10

After analyzing the data on cab services in Lucitona, the Transport Authority of Lucitona discovered that there was an 85 percent increase in the number of people using cab services on rainy days. In the context of data mining, the Transport Authority of Lucitona discovered a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

The discovery of an increase in cab usage on rainy days is a sequence pattern, as it identifies a specific sequence of events (rainy days leading to increased cab usage).

Question 11

ATT Supermarket has collected a large amount of data regarding its customers. To understand customer purchase behavior, the company uses a process that automatically identifies correlations in the collected data. Through this process, the company learns that people who wait for more than 10 minutes in the billing queue, tend to remove a few items from their shopping cart. Consequently, this leads to reduced sales. The manager of the supermarket decides to install five more billing counters, which could reduce the estimated wait time by a considerable amount. In this scenario, ATT Supermarket has most likely used _____ to process information.

Accepted Answer

The process of automatically identifying correlations in the collected data is known as data mining. In this scenario, ATT Supermarket has used data mining to understand customer purchase behavior and identify the correlation between wait times in the billing queue and reduced sales. This has led to the decision to install more billing counters to reduce wait times and increase sales. Data integration, bar coding, and radio frequency tagging are not directly relevant to this scenario.

Question 12

Jack found an old photograph of his family. He wanted to upload the picture as a digital image on a social networking website. In this scenario, which of the following can help Jack convert the photograph into a digital image?

Accepted Answer

An electronic scanner can help Jack convert the photograph into a digital image by scanning the physical photograph and converting it into a digital format. Bar coding devices and radio frequency identification tags are not relevant in this context, and while digital printing software can be used to print digital images, it does not help in converting physical images to digital format.

Question 13

Sumptuous Supermarket has large amounts of data about its customers. To understand customer buying behavior, the company uses a process that automatically discovers connections in the collected data. Through this process, the company learns that people who buy carbonated drinks, typically also buy a pack of salted snacks. As a result, the manager of the supermarket places carbonated drinks near the shelf with chips and pretzels. In this scenario, Sumptuous Supermarket has most likely used _____.

Accepted Answer

Sumptuous Supermarket has most likely used data mining to discover the connection between carbonated drinks and salted snacks purchases. Data integration, barcoding, and radio frequency tagging are not explicitly mentioned or required for this process.

Question 14

Which of the following is a difference between affinity patterns and predictive patterns?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a difference...

Question 15

Chenrezic Music Stores, a chain of stores selling musical instruments, is trying to improve its customer service. While examining its checkout data, it learned that people who buy guitar covers also buy guitar straps and vice versa. In this scenario, the use of data mining to find better ways to improve customer service has also led to the discovery of a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

The discovery of customers who buy guitar covers and guitar straps together indicates an affinity pattern, which is a data mining technique used to identify relationships among items or activities.

Question 16

In the context of protecting information, _____ is defined as the process of granting verified users approved access to data, software, and systems.

Accepted Answer

Authorization is the process of granting verified users approved access to data, software, and systems.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true of affinity patterns?

Accepted Answer

Affinity patterns occur when two or more database elements tend to occur together in a significant way. They can be identified through unsupervised data mining techniques such as clustering or association analysis. Option A is incorrect because affinity patterns help identify database elements that are similar, not different. Option C is incorrect because affinity patterns can be identified through unsupervised data mining as well. Option D is incorrect because affinity patterns can occur with two or more elements, not necessarily three or more.

Question 18

Unlike spam, ransomware:

Accepted Answer

Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts personal or corporate data, making it inaccessible to the owner until a ransom is paid. It differs from spam, which is unsolicited mass email, fake phishing emails that trick users into sharing personal information, and keyloggers that record everything typed on a keyboard to intercept passwords.

Question 19

DizMart, a supermarket, is trying to improve the sales of its in-house packaged oats. While examining checkout data, DizMart learned that people who buy packaged oats also buy packaged milk. In this scenario, the use of data mining to find ways to improve sales of packaged oats also led to the discovery of a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

The discovery that customers who buy packaged oats also buy packaged milk is an example of an affinity pattern. An affinity pattern identifies products or services that are frequently purchased together.

Question 20

By analyzing ticket sales, the managers of a soccer stadium discovered that sales increased by almost 80 percent in the seasons it held an open house prior to the opening game and allowed people to view the game from the box seats. In the context of data mining, the management discovered a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of By analyzing ticket sales, the managers of...

Quiz 17: Managing Information