Question 1

When psychiatrists were asked to predict what percentage of the population would deliver the full range of shocks in the Milgram experiment,their prediction was:

Accepted Answer

Psychiatrists predicted that less than 1 percent of the population would deliver the full range of shocks in the Milgram experiment, significantly underestimating the actual results.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of compliance?

Accepted Answer

Compliance refers to changing one's behavior due to the request or direction of another person, even if indirectly. In choice B, working overtime because the boss asked, despite personal wishes, is a direct example of compliance with authority or a request.

Question 3

During a study that used the Asch procedure,subjects' brains were scanned using fMRI.When subjects conformed,activity increased in the areas of the brain involved in ____.

Accepted Answer

When subjects conformed, activity increased in areas of the brain involved in spatial awareness and perception, indicating that conformity may be linked to how we perceive and process spatial information.

Question 4

In the study of obedience conducted by Stanley Milgram,what percentage of "teachers" delivered the maximum 450-volt-shock?

Accepted Answer

In Stanley Milgram's obedience study, 65 percent of the "teachers" delivered the maximum 450-volt shock to the "learner," despite the apparent discomfort or pain expressed by the learner, demonstrating a high level of obedience to authority figures.

Question 5

Religious leaders,military officers,doctors,scientists,and parents are examples of:

Accepted Answer

All of the listed professions carry some level of authority and expertise, whether it be in matters of faith, defense, health, research, or family. They can exert influence and guide behavior based on their knowledge, experience, and position of power.

Question 6

What happened when the authority figure in Milgram's study gave orders over the phone?

Accepted Answer

When the authority figure gave orders over the phone in Milgram's study, subjects were more likely to disobey the authority figure. The physical presence of the authority figure was a significant factor in compliance, and its absence reduced the pressure to conform to the authority's demands.

Question 7

At a local health fair,you see a business selling exercise equipment.One of their marketing tools is to give you a one-month-free rental of any piece of exercise equipment.You realize that this tool is really the:

Accepted Answer

The one-month-free rental offer is an example of the foot-in-the-door technique, where a small request (in this case, renting exercise equipment for free) is made first in order to increase the likelihood of a larger request (such as purchasing the equipment permanently).

Question 8

The results of Milgram's obedience experiments demonstrated that:

Accepted Answer

The results of Milgram's obedience experiments showed that a majority of people will obey orders, even if they feel that they are unreasonable. Milgram found that around 65% of participants were willing to deliver the maximum electric shock to the learner, despite their own discomfort and the learner's apparent suffering, when instructed to do so by an authority figure. It is important to note that the shocks were not actually real, and the learner was a confederate of the experimenter.

Question 9

Captain Janeway orders her crew to stand at attention during a military parade,and they do so.The crew's behavior is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Obedience is the act of following orders or commands from someone in authority. In this situation, Captain Janeway is in a position of authority and has given a direct order to her crew to stand at attention during the military parade. The crew's behavior of standing at attention shows their obedience to her command. Compliance refers to agreeing to a request or suggestion, while conformity is the act of changing one's behavior or beliefs to match those of a group. Constancy is not relevant to this situation.

Question 10

When you engage in behavior in response to an order by a person with power or authority,you are demonstrating:

Accepted Answer

Obedience is the act of following instructions or orders from a person with authority or power. Conformity is the act of adjusting your behavior to match that of a group or societal norm. Constancy refers to the quality of being consistent or unchanging. Compliance is the act of agreeing to or following a request, often without fully agreeing with it. Out of these options, obedience is the best choice as it specifically relates to following orders from someone with authority or power.

Question 11

What roles were played in Milgram's study on obedience?

Accepted Answer

Milgram's study involved the roles of a teacher and a learner, where the teacher had to administer increasingly stronger electric shocks to the learner for wrong answers.

Question 12

Bethany answers the phone and is greeted by a person selling magazines.She says that she's not interested in buying any magazines.But the person persists.She ends up buying several subscriptions that she knows she does not need.Bethany illustrates:

Accepted Answer

Bethany is complying with the salesperson's request even though she initially expressed disinterest. This is an example of compliance, which refers to agreeing to a request or command from another person.

Question 13

If a person gives in to some form of social pressure,but does not change their private beliefs,then the person is demonstrating:

Accepted Answer

Compliance refers to conforming to the expectations or demands of others without necessarily changing one's own beliefs or values. This is different from obedience, which involves following explicit commands or orders from an authority figure. The foot-in-the-door technique involves getting someone to agree to a small request before making a larger one, while self-handicapping involves deliberately creating obstacles or excuses for oneself in order to avoid failure.

Question 14

Imagine that you have been put in charge of a fundraising campaign for your community organization.You decide to try the foot-in-the-door technique.Which of the following strategies would fit the technique?

Accepted Answer

The foot-in-the-door technique involves starting with a small request to increase the likelihood of compliance with a larger request later on. Option C involves asking for a small contribution first and then returning later to ask for more, which fits with this technique. Options A, B, and D do not involve starting with a small request and therefore do not fit with the foot-in-the-door technique.

Question 15

As you visit Rome,the cliché,"When in Rome,do as the Romans" is very much in your mind.Even though you change your public behavior,your private beliefs remain unchanged.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Compliance refers to changing one's behavior due to the request or direction of another person, without necessarily changing one's beliefs or attitudes. In this scenario, you are changing your public behavior to match the expectations or norms of the place you are visiting (Rome), but your private beliefs remain unchanged, which is a classic example of compliance.

Question 16

An increased probability of compliance to a second request if a person complies with a small first request is the definition of:

Accepted Answer

The foot-in-the-door technique involves making a small initial request that is likely to be complied with, then following up with a larger request. The individual is more likely to comply with the larger request after complying with the smaller one, due to a sense of commitment and consistency. The face-in-the-door technique involves beginning with a large request that is likely to be denied, then following up with a smaller, more reasonable request. Multiple conformity and serial obedience are not recognized psychological concepts.

Question 17

You are taking this test because your professor told you to do so.Since you are indeed taking this test,you have just experienced:

Accepted Answer

Obedience refers to complying with the orders or instructions of an authority figure, in this case the professor who instructed the test-taking. Altruism, conformity, and compliance do not apply to this scenario as they involve different behaviors and motivations.

Question 18

A concern regarding the Milgram obedience study is that of:

Accepted Answer

The concern regarding the Milgram obedience study is primarily related to ethics. The study involved deceiving and potentially causing psychological harm to participants. Many argue that the benefits of the study do not outweigh the ethical concerns.

Question 19

A commanding officer gives a soldier an order that he knows the soldier would rather not obey.According to the findings of the Milgram obedience experiments,what should the officer do to increase the likelihood of obedience?

Accepted Answer

The Milgram obedience experiments found that the presence of an authority figure significantly increased the likelihood of obedience. Therefore, staying in the presence of the soldier until the order has been obeyed would be the best choice to increase obedience. A threat may increase obedience in the short term, but it can also lead to negative consequences such as decreased morale and increased resistance in the long term. Leaving the soldier alone may also decrease likelihood of obedience as there is no authority figure present. Giving the order in a friendly way may have minimal impact on obedience as it does not increase the perceived authority of the commanding officer.

Question 20

During a study that used the Asch procedure,subjects' brains were scanned using fMRI.When subjects resisted group pressure,activity increased in the areas of the brain involved in ____.

Accepted Answer

When subjects resisted group pressure and gave their own opinion, activity increased in the amygdala and insula, which are areas of the brain involved in processing emotions. This suggests that resisting group pressure can be emotionally taxing on an individual.

Quiz 25: Social Psychology