Question 1

Briefly discuss the idea from the text that "compared to Piaget, Vygotsky got off pretty
easy in the 'criticism' department."

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Question 2

Describe the three major acquisitions that mark the culmination of the sensorimotor period. What is common to all three acquisitions?

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Question 3

List six major contributions that Piaget has made in the field of human development.

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Question 4

Suppose that you are a first-grade teacher and notice that many of the children in your class sometimes talk aloud to themselves when they do arithmetic or other schoolwork. You wonder whether you should discourage these mutterings. Discuss how these mutterings might be viewed from Vygotsky's viewpoint and in light of recent research findings.

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Question 5

Suppose that you were part of a curriculum review team concerned with creating a learning environment that will optimize cognitive development and foster true understanding of concepts as well as "teach the facts." What recommendations follow from Piaget's and Vygotsky's notions of cognitive growth? What would be your personal recommendation?

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Question 6

Describe Vygotsky's process of "scaffolding," and give an example of how it might be applied.

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Question 7

List four criticisms that have been raised concerning Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

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Question 8

Piaget defined intelligence as adaptive behavior. He maintained that two complementary processes, assimilation and accommodation, are involved in every interaction and that when these two processes are in equilibrium, behavior will be adaptive. Describe the processes of assimilation and accommodation, and give an example of each.

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Question 9

List three key findings from cross-cultural research on Piaget's theory.

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Question 10

Evaluate Piaget's view that cognitive development occurs in stages. Draw from material presented throughout the chapter on cognition (and anything appropriate from in-class material).

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Question 11

Describe the two painful consequences to emergence of formal operations that were identified by Elkind.

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Question 12

Explain what Vygotsky meant by "zone of proximal development," and use an example to illustrate this concept.

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Question 13

List three reasons why cooperative learning may be an effective classroom technique.

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Question 14

Explain how the imaginary audience is related to formal operations.

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Question 15

Piaget described the preoperational child as an egocentric, animistic thinker. He also believed the preoperational child to be incapable of conservation. Describe Piaget's basis for his conclusions, and explain why current developmentalists believe preoperational children to be more cognitively capable than Piaget maintained.

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Question 16

Explain what is meant by the term "horizontal decalage."

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Question 17

Contrast Piaget's and Vygotsky's viewpoints on private speech.

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Question 18

Identify the four levels Vygotsky proposed we should use to evaluate children's development.

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Question 19

Which theorist--Piaget or Vygotsky--emphasized the importance of nature more? Why?

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Question 20

Identify two types of logical reasoning that emerge during the formal-operational stage that distinguish formal-operational thought from concrete-operational thought.

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Quiz 6: Cognitive Development: Piagets Theory and Vygotskys Sociocultural Viewpoint

Briefly discuss the idea from the text that "compared to Piaget, Vygotsky got off pretty easy in the 'criticism' department."