Question 1

When actors memorize, they add a few lines at a time to the previous lines that they already know. This resembles the rehearsal technique called

Accepted Answer

Clustering is a rehearsal technique that involves grouping related information together to make it easier to remember. The process of adding a few lines at a time to the previous lines already memorized by actors is similar to this technique, making option B the best choice.

Question 2

Regrouping items to be memorized into groups according to similarities of meaning is called

Accepted Answer

Semantic organization involves grouping items based on similarities in meaning or category, which can aid in memory retention and recall. Option A (groupification) is not a commonly used term in psychology or memory research. Option B (script formation) refers to the mental representation of a sequence of events, not grouping items based on meaning. Option D (retention assistance training) is not a commonly used term and does not specifically refer to the process of grouping items for memory purposes.

Question 3

The discovery, application, and use of memory strategies tend to

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that memory strategies tend to increase with advancing age as individuals gain more experience and knowledge about the world. Additionally, older adults are more likely to use and benefit from memory strategies than young adults due to their greater use of compensatory strategies, such as rehearsal and organization.

Question 4

The ability to apply semantic organization as a memory strategy emerges in children at about the age of

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ability to apply semantic organization as...

Question 5

Children remember details from vacation trips best when those details

Accepted Answer

Children remember details better when they deviate from familiar scripts because these deviations are more novel and memorable, standing out against the backdrop of expected events.

Question 6

Mnemonics are

Accepted Answer

Mnemonics refer to strategies or techniques that help in remembering information by associating it with something easier to remember. So, option B is the correct answer. Option A is incorrect because mnemonic is not a free-floating gist but an intentional strategy. Option C is incorrect because it refers to Infantile Amnesia, which is unrelated to the term mnemonic. Option D is incorrect because mnemonic is not related to metacognition.

Question 7

Froggy, age 10, tells friends about his trip to Paris: "So the French people seated next to us ate their pie crust first!" Eating the crust first on a pie was memorable to Froggy because

Accepted Answer

Froggy notes that the French people he observed ate their pie crust first, which deviates from the typical American way of eating pie where the crust is usually saved for last. This suggests that he found it memorable because it was different from what he was used to.

Question 8

While developing their autobiographical memory skills, children learn to attend to the ____ of their personal life experiences.

Accepted Answer

To develop autobiographical memory skills, children need to learn to pay attention to the details of their personal experiences such as who was present, when and where the event took place. This involves learning to organize and categorize experiences in a meaningful way, which helps to improve memory recall and retrieval. Reticular formations, adaptive strategy choices, production deficiencies, and utilization deficiencies are not relevant to the development of autobiographical memory skills.

Question 9

Memory rehearsal is like

Accepted Answer

Memory rehearsal involves repetitively and continuously reinforcing information to retain it in memory, similar to continually pumping up a leaking balloon to keep it from deflating.

Question 10

Problem-solving strategies show much variety, but they share this feature in common:

Accepted Answer

All problem-solving strategies have a goal that is sought. Without a clear goal, there can be no problem to solve. The other options may or may not be present in a problem-solving situation, but the presence of a goal is necessary.

Question 11

A child answers a specific question about something she knows. This illustrates the ____ retrieval process.

Accepted Answer

Cued recall involves using cues or prompts to retrieve information from memory. In this case, the question serves as a cue to help the child retrieve the relevant information they know.

Question 12

In contrast with younger children, older children rehearse

Accepted Answer

Older children tend to develop more sophisticated and effective rehearsal strategies as they grow, which means they not only rehearse differently but also more efficiently compared to younger children. This improvement is due to cognitive development and increased experience with memory tasks.

Question 13

Kamwendo tries to memorize something by silently repeating the item many times in his head. Kamwendo applies the ____ memory strategy.

Accepted Answer

Kamwendo is using the rehearsal memory strategy by repeating the item many times in his head in order to remember it.

Question 14

What is "free" about free recall?

Accepted Answer

Free recall refers to the ability to remember information without any specific prompts or cues, which means that there are no external constraints or restrictions on the recall process. Therefore, option B is the best choice as it refers to remembering general material without any specific prompts. Option A is incorrect as it implies that there are no consequences for inaccurate recall. Option C is also incorrect as it suggests that there is a reward incentive for good performance, which is not necessarily part of free recall. Option D is not a good choice as it suggests that there are limitations on the participant's ability to reflect upon the accuracy of their recall.

Question 15

Mr. Phiri watches his students while they memorize 20 items that he placed on a table. He notices that students are rehearsing small groups of items' names, not just single items. His class is of

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mr. Phiri watches his students while they...

Question 16

Parents assist their children to recall events from shared family experiences such as visits to theme parks. Co-recollection by parents illustrates

Accepted Answer

Rogoff's principle of guided participation emphasizes the importance of learning through joint engagement with more experienced individuals. In this case, parents are assisting their children in recalling events, providing support and guidance in the process of remembering.

Question 17

Andrea was playing a party game where a tray of objects is displayed for a minute and then covered with a cloth while the players write down as many objects as they can remember. Andrea first wrote down that there was a plum, an apple, and a banana on the tray. The next three items she listed were a knife, a fork, and a spoon. Finally, she wrote down that there was a crayon, a pencil, and a magic marker on the tray. She relied on the memory strategy known as

Accepted Answer

Andrea used the memory strategy of semantic organization by grouping objects together based on their category (fruits, utensils, writing tools).

Question 18

Smarty, age 10, is given a list of a dozen words to memorize. He notices that the words are car names, tree names, and names of states He rearranges the words into those categories and then rehearses. Smarty applied the memorization strategy called

Accepted Answer

Smarty applied semantic organization by categorizing the words into car names, tree names, and names of states before rehearsing them. This is a cognitive strategy that involves grouping or organizing information into meaningful categories based on their relationships, which helps to facilitate memory encoding and retrieval.

Question 19

The child's conversations with others after an experience tend to ____ what the child later recalls.

Accepted Answer

The child's conversations with others after an experience tend to strengthen or expand what the child later recalls. This is known as the social construction of memory, where others' input can shape our own memories.

Question 20

When preschoolers do memory recall, they perform

Accepted Answer

Preschoolers generally perform better with cued recall than with free recall because cues help them retrieve information more effectively by providing specific prompts or hints that trigger their memory.

Quiz 7: Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives