Question 1

The ___________________________ established the a federal office on delinquency prevention and was enacted to identify the needs of youth and to fund programs aimed at deterring juvenile crime.

Accepted Answer

The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 established a federal office on delinquency prevention and provided funding for programs aimed at deterring juvenile crime. The other options either do not exist or do not accurately describe the purpose and provisions of the act.

Question 2

__________________ were a sixteenth-century English set of laws by which vagrants and abandoned and neglected children were bound to masters as indentured servants.

Accepted Answer

The Poor Laws were a set of laws in sixteenth-century England that dealt with vagrants and abandoned and neglected children, binding them to masters as indentured servants. Chancery laws dealt with legal matters, while child-saver laws were a later development in the United States aimed at protecting children from abuse and neglect. Vagrant laws dealt specifically with homeless people and penalties for begging or loitering.

Question 3

Which is the Latin term meaning "father of his country," which is implied to mean that the government is the true guardian of the needy and infirmed children

Accepted Answer

Parens patriae is the Latin term meaning "father of his country," and is often used to refer to the government's role as the protector and caretaker of any citizens who are unable to care for themselves, such as orphaned children or mentally ill individuals.

Question 4

Which of the following is not a Supreme Court case dealing with searching for drugs in association with students or school

Accepted Answer

There is no Supreme Court case called Marshall Country Schools v. Gillingham.

Question 5

When the first House of Refuge opened in New York the Society for the Prevention of Pauperism and the __________________ were influential in establishing such positive

Accepted Answer

The Society for the Prevention of Pauperism and the Quakers were influential in establishing the first House of Refuge in New York.

Question 6

In 1816, The Society for the Prevention of Pauperism was established to:

Accepted Answer

The Society for the Prevention of Pauperism was established to provide indigent youth a family-like environment away from a life of crime, aiming to reform them by removing them from the negative influences of their current environments.

Question 7

Which case held that the Fourth Amendment guarantee against unreasonable searches is not violated by drug testing all students who choose to participate in interscholastic athletics.

Accepted Answer

The case Vernonia School District v. Acton held that the Fourth Amendment guarantee against unreasonable searches is not violated by drug testing all students who choose to participate in interscholastic athletics. The court found that the school district had a legitimate interest in deterring drug use among student-athletes and that the testing was not excessively intrusive.

Question 8

Which of the following cases ruled that the level of evidence for the finding of juvenile delinquency is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

Accepted Answer

In re Winship (1970) ruled that the level of evidence for the finding of juvenile delinquency is proof beyond a reasonable doubt.

Question 9

The hearing in which a judge decides whether to waive a juvenile to criminal court is called a:

Accepted Answer

A transfer hearing is the hearing in which a judge decides whether to waive a juvenile from juvenile court to criminal court. The other choices, Resettlement hearing, Conveying hearing, and Judicial hearing, do not relate to this specific decision about transferring a juvenile case to adult court.

Question 10

Which of the following is a type of waiver that, after a transfer hearing at which both prosecutor and defense attorney present evidence, a juvenile court judge may decide to waive jurisdiction and transfer the case to criminal court

Accepted Answer

A judicial waiver, also known as a waiver of jurisdiction or certification, occurs when a juvenile court judge, based on evidence presented in a transfer hearing, decides to waive jurisdiction and transfer the case to criminal court. This is typically reserved for serious offenses and older juveniles who are close to the age of majority. Direct file waivers allow prosecutors to file charges directly in criminal court without a transfer hearing, blended sentencing waivers allow for a combination of juvenile and adult sentencing, and transfer waivers refer to the transfer of a case from one jurisdiction to another.

Question 11

According to the shifting philosophies of juvenile justice outlined in the text, the time from 1950 to 1970 recognized that:

Accepted Answer

During the time period from 1950 to 1970, juvenile justice shifted away from the rehabilitation model and the protective nature of parens patriae, as it was found that these approaches had failed to prevent delinquency. Instead, the focus shifted towards a more punitive approach, recognizing that juveniles could not be treated the same as adults, but also acknowledging the need to hold them accountable for their actions. The idea of getting tough on juvenile crime came later, in the 1980s and 1990s. Drug courts were not introduced until the 1990s as a response to the war on drugs and the over-incarceration of nonviolent drug offenders, and were not related to the changing philosophies of juvenile justice during the 1950-1970 time period.

Question 12

The first juvenile court was established in which state in 1899

Accepted Answer

The first juvenile court was established in Cook County, Illinois in 1899.

Question 13

Civic leaders who focused their attention on the misdeeds of poor children to control their behavior were called:

Accepted Answer

The term "child savers" refers to civic leaders in the late 19th and early 20th centuries who focused on the misdeeds of poor children and sought to control their behavior through various social reforms, including establishing juvenile courts, reform schools, and child labor laws.

Question 14

In the juvenile system, the initial appearance most likely resembles the which of the following in adult court

Accepted Answer

The initial appearance in the juvenile system is similar to the arraignment in adult court, where the juvenile is informed of the charges against them and advised of their rights.

Question 15

The Juvenile Court Act of 1899 set up an independent court to handle criminal law violations by children under 16 years of age as well as created:

Accepted Answer

The Juvenile Court Act of 1899 established a probation department to monitor youth, which was a significant innovation aimed at rehabilitating rather than merely punishing young offenders.

Question 16

The case of the Kent v. United States (1966) ruled that:

Accepted Answer

The case of Kent v. United States (1966) ruled that juveniles have the right to an attorney at a waiver hearing. The case involved a 16-year-old who was accused of committing multiple crimes and was being considered for transfer to adult court. The Supreme Court ruled that the juvenile court must provide the minor with due process protections, including the right to counsel, before waiving jurisdiction to adult court. This decision established the right to counsel for juveniles during the waiver process.

Question 17

A practice in which the juvenile court relinquishes its jurisdiction over a juvenile and transfers the case to adult court is called:

Accepted Answer

The practice described is commonly referred to as a waiver, which involves the juvenile court waiving its jurisdiction and transferring the case to adult court. Abdication and renunciation are not commonly used terms in the context of juvenile justice, while "adult disclaimer" is not a recognized term.

Question 18

In 1974, Congress passed the ______________________, which provides funds to states to bolster their services for maltreated children and their parents.

Accepted Answer

The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) was passed in 1974 by Congress to provide funds to states for child welfare services to prevent and address child abuse and neglect.

Question 19

The landmark case of Schall v. Martin upheld the right of states to:

Accepted Answer

The case of Schall v. Martin confirmed that states have the right to detain a child before trial for his or her protection or for the safety of the public. This case set the precedent for pretrial detention of juveniles as a measure of protection and safety for both the juvenile and the community.

Question 20

The temporary care of a child alleged to be a delinquent or status offender who requires secure custody, pending a court disposition is called:

Accepted Answer

Detention is the term used to describe the temporary care of a child alleged to be a delinquent or status offender who requires secure custody, pending a court disposition. It is a process in which a juvenile is held in a secure facility until a hearing or court decision is reached regarding their case. Therefore, option A is the correct answer. Options B, C, and D are not accurate terms to describe this process.

Quiz 15: Juvenile Justice