Question 1

The term ________ refers to the forced deportation of people, accompanied by systematic violence including death.

Accepted Answer

Ethnic cleansing is the only term described that involves forced deportation of people that is accompanied by systematic violence including death. Apartheid refers to a system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination, segmented assimilation refers to a process of immigrant assimilation in which different groups of immigrants assimilate at different rates and to different degrees, and fusion refers to the merging of cultures or ethnic groups.

Question 2

The ________ was the state-sponsored systematic persecution and annihilation of European Jewry by Nazi Germany and its collaborators.

Accepted Answer

The Holocaust was a genocide in which around 6 million Jews, as well as others such as Romani and disabled people, were systematically murdered by Nazi Germany and its collaborators. The other options, Bisho massacre, Zionism, and Apartheid, do not refer to this specific event.

Question 3

Which of the following terms describes leaving a country to settle in another?

Accepted Answer

Emigration refers to leaving a country to settle in another, while immigration refers to entering a new country to settle permanently. Naturalization refers to the process of becoming a citizen of a new country, while amalgamation refers to the merging of two or more entities to become one.

Question 4

In the context of consequences of subordinate-group status, what does D represent in the equation A+ B+ C → D?

Accepted Answer

D represents the formation of a new ethnocultural-racial group that shares some of the characteristics of each initial group. This can occur through cultural assimilation or intermarriage between members of different subordinate groups, resulting in the emergence of a new hybrid culture. This process is known as amalgamation.

Question 5

Secession is ________.

Accepted Answer

Secession refers to the withdrawal of a group of people from a dominant group to establish a new nation. It is the act of formally breaking away from a larger political entity, such as a country or state, and establishing a new independent political entity. It typically involves political, social, and economic differences that lead to a group feeling marginalized or oppressed within the larger entity. Examples of secession include the American Civil War and the recent independence movements in Catalonia and Scotland.

Question 6

Which of the following terms refers to the physical separation of two groups of people in terms of residence, workplace, and social functions?

Accepted Answer

Segregation refers to the physical separation of two groups of people in terms of residence, workplace, and social functions. Assimilation is the process of merging one's cultural identity with another group. Amalgamation refers to the blending of two or more cultures. Pluralism is the coexistence of multiple cultures in a society.

Question 7

In the context of consequences of subordinate-group status, the equation A + B + C → A describes ________.

Accepted Answer

The equation A + B + C → A represents assimilation, which is the process where a subordinate group loses its cultural and social identity and becomes absorbed into the dominant group. The equation shows how the subordinate group (represented by B and C) loses its identity and becomes like the dominant group (represented by A). Pluralism refers to the coexistence of multiple groups in society. Amalgamation describes the process of two or more groups coming together and forming a new group with a shared culture. Segregation refers to the physical and social separation of different groups within a society.

Question 8

________ occurs when a specific subordinate group is forced by dominant groups to leave certain areas or even vacate a country.

Accepted Answer

Expulsion is the act of forcing a specific subordinate group to leave a certain area or even vacate a country. This is often done by dominant groups who wish to maintain their power and control over a particular region or population. This form of discrimination and oppression has been used throughout history, often with devastating consequences for the targeted group. Examples include the expulsion of Jews from various European countries during the Middle Ages, the Trail of Tears in the United States, and the ethnic cleansing of Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar.

Question 9

The process by which a dominant group and a subordinate group combine through intermarriage to form a new group is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

Amalgamation refers to the process by which a dominant group and a subordinate group combine through intermarriage to form a new group. This process often results in a new cultural identity that combines elements of both groups. Adaptation refers to the process by which groups adjust to their surroundings or environment. Marginalization refers to the process by which a group is pushed to the edges of society and denied access to resources and opportunities. Pluralism refers to a situation in which different groups coexist in society while maintaining their own cultural identities.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true of colonialism?

Accepted Answer

Colonialism involves the control and exploitation of a territory and its people by an external power, without incorporating the colonized people fully into the dominant nation's citizenry. This maintains a distinction between the colonizers and the colonized, often with different rights and privileges.

Question 11

In certain situations, an individual may respond to stereotypes and act on them, with the result that false definitions become accurate. This is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A self-fulfilling prophecy occurs when someone's belief or expectation about a situation elicits behavior that results in the expected outcome, even if the belief was initially false. In the context of stereotypes, if someone acts on a negative stereotype (such as assuming that all members of a certain group are untrustworthy), they may behave in a way that elicits mistrust from members of that group, reinforcing the stereotype in their own mind and those of others.

Question 12

The physical separation of racial and ethnic groups reappearing after a period of relative integration is called ________.

Accepted Answer

Resegregation refers to the reemergence of racial and ethnic segregation after a period of relative integration. This can happen due to various factors like discriminatory policies, economic inequalities, or cultural tensions. Recession refers to a period of economic decline, and transitional segregation and desegregation are not viable options as they do not reflect the phenomenon described in the question.

Question 13

The process by which a subordinate individual or group takes on the characteristics of the dominant group and is eventually accepted as part of that group is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

Assimilation is the process by which a subordinate individual or group takes on the characteristics of the dominant group and is eventually accepted as part of that group. Amalgamation refers to the blending of two or more cultures or ethnic groups into a new composite entity. Pluralism refers to the coexistence of numerous distinct ethnic, racial, and cultural groups within one society. Genocide refers to the deliberate and systematic extermination of a national, racial, ethnic, or cultural group.

Question 14

________ came to mean a policy of separate development devised by the Whites to deal with the multiracial population in South Africa.

Accepted Answer

Apartheid was a policy of segregation and discrimination against non-white South Africans, particularly Black Africans, that was imposed by the White minority government in South Africa from 1948 to 1994. It was intended to maintain the power and privileges of White South Africans and ensure that Black Africans had inferior status in every aspect of society. The policy included measures like separate living areas, separate education systems, curfews, and restricted access to public facilities such as hospitals, beaches, and transportation. Apartheid was widely condemned by the international community and was finally abolished when Nelson Mandela became the first Black president of South Africa in 1994.

Question 15

In everyday speech, the words fusion and amalgamation are rarely used, but the concept is expressed in the notion of a human ________ in which diverse racial or ethnic groups form a new creation, a new cultural entity.

Accepted Answer

The phrase "melting pot" best captures the concept of diverse groups blending together to form a new cultural entity. The other options - "ethnic cleansing", "stereotype", and "class structure" - do not accurately reflect this idea.

Question 16

When annexation occurs, ________.

Accepted Answer

Annexation typically involves the dominant power exerting control over a subordinate group or territory, often including suppression of the minority's language, culture, and political aspirations. Option A and D are incorrect as they suggest extreme outcomes that do not necessarily happen in every instance of annexation. Option B is also not accurate as annexation usually occurs in the aftermath of war, rather than as a means of recovering from it.

Question 17

According to the spectrum of intergroup status, which of the following relationships is more tolerant to the subordinate group?

Accepted Answer

Pluralism is the most tolerant option in the spectrum of intergroup status as it allows for the coexistence of different groups with equal rights and opportunities. This means that the subordinate group is not discriminated against, and their cultural identity and traditions are respected. In contrast, secession, expulsion, and extermination all involve the removal of the subordinate group and are therefore less tolerant.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true of segregation?

Accepted Answer

Segregation typically occurs when a dominant group maintains power over a subordinate group and restricts their access to resources, opportunities, and social interactions. This can occur in various societies and is not limited to the United States. While complete segregation is not common, it is still a severe form of discrimination that has occurred in some societies throughout history. Intergroup contact, on the other hand, can still occur in segregated societies, although it may be limited or discouraged.

Question 19

The maintenance of political, social, economic, and cultural dominance over people by a foreign power for an extended period of time is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

Colonialism refers to the practice of a foreign power maintaining control over a nation or people for an extended period of time in order to exploit resources, establish economic dominance, and impose social and cultural practices. Republicanism refers to a political ideology based on representative government and individual liberty. Altruism refers to the selfless concern for the welfare of others. Ethnocentrism refers to the belief in the superiority of one's own cultural or ethnic group. None of these terms fully capture the meaning of maintaining dominance over a people through extended foreign control.

Question 20

The worldwide integration of government policies, cultures, social movements, and financial markets through trade and the exchange of ideas is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

Globalization is the process of increasing interconnectedness and interdependence among people, businesses, and countries worldwide. It involves the integration of various aspects of society, including government policies, cultures, social movements, and financial markets, through trade and the exchange of ideas. Communization, privatization, and nationalization are not synonymous with globalization.

Quiz 1: Exploring Race and Ethnicity