Question 1

When 10- to 15-year-olds in Papua New Guinea are asked to draw pictures of the human body, they are most likely to

Accepted Answer

In Papua New Guinea, there is a taboo against drawing the human body, so children are likely to either scribble or draw tadpole-like forms instead of drawing museum-quality pictures or pictures of their gods.

Question 2

The best definition of attention is that it involves

Accepted Answer

Attention involves cognitive focus on something in particular, meaning it requires conscious effort or intention to direct one's attention towards a specific stimuli. A, B, and C are not accurate definitions of attention.

Question 3

Research has shown that _____ need to be detected and corrected as early in life as possible.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that both hearing and visual problems need to be detected and corrected as early in life as possible. Early intervention for these issues can improve a child's development and overall quality of life.

Question 4

Research by Hubel and Wiesel on visual deprivation in cats demonstrated that

Accepted Answer

Hubel and Wiesel's research on visual deprivation in cats demonstrated that kittens who were deprived of visual input during a critical period of development experienced permanent vision loss. However, adult cats who were deprived of visual input did not show the same level of permanent vision loss. Therefore, choice B (visual deprivation led to permanent vision loss in kittens but not adult cats) is the best option.

Question 5

Perceptual development

Accepted Answer

Perceptual development is influenced by socialization differences across cultures. The way children perceive and interpret the world is shaped by their experiences, which are heavily influenced by cultural norms and expectations. Therefore, perceptual development can vary across cultures.

Question 6

Which indicates that Maria has well-developed selective attention skills?

Accepted Answer

Selective attention refers to the ability to focus on one specific task or stimuli while ignoring others. Option B shows that Maria can pay attention to her teacher's voice while ignoring the voices of other students who are talking simultaneously. This indicates a well-developed selective attention skill.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a typical change in attention during childhood?

Accepted Answer

Attention becoming more focused on irrelevant objects is not a typical change in attention during childhood. The other options are commonly observed changes in attention during childhood.

Question 8

Pearle was born with congenital cataracts. Her mother, Bailey, is a knowledgeable psychologist. As such, Bailey would know that in order to develop normal vision, Pearle should

Accepted Answer

Early intervention is crucial for normal visual development, so cataract surgery should be performed as soon as possible to prevent long-term vision impairment.

Question 9

Whose exploratory behavior would most likely involve mouthing an object to learn more about it?

Accepted Answer

Mouthing objects is typical exploratory behavior for infants between the ages of 0-6 months as they use their mouths to explore the texture and taste of objects. Therefore, the most likely choice would be the youngest one listed, 2-month-old Rachael.

Question 10

_____ attention is best defined as deliberate concentration on one thing while ignoring something else.

Accepted Answer

Selective attention is the ability to focus on one thing while ignoring other distractions. It requires deliberate concentration and filtering out irrelevant information. Divided attention involves multitasking and trying to focus on multiple things at once, reflexive attention is automatic and involuntary, and cross-modal attention involves processing information from different sensory modalities.

Question 11

Which describes the "sleeper effect of early visual deficits?"

Accepted Answer

The sleeper effect of early visual deficits refers to the idea that if an infant does not receive proper visual stimulation early on, corrective surgery later in life may not fully correct their vision because the brain may never fully develop the normal perception of vision.

Question 12

The fact that infants' attention seems to involve reacting to environmental stimulation (i.e., an item catches their attention) rather than being deliberately focused, illustrates the concept of a(n) _____ system.

Accepted Answer

The concept of orienting system is defined as a process by which attention is directed towards significant and relevant stimuli in the environment, which is the exact type of attention activity described in the statement. The orienting system helps an individual in directing their attention, which is a passive process, unlike intentional or deliberate attention, which is an active process. The fail-safe system is not applicable in this context, and the dynamic system, although relevant, does not entirely embody the concept described in the statement.

Question 13

Lewis and Maurer (2005, 2009) provided evidence for multiple sensitive periods for vision that included all of the following EXCEPT a sensitive period for

Accepted Answer

Lewis and Maurer did not identify a sensitive period for enhancement in vision; they focused on normal development, damage, and recovery.

Question 14

All of the major sensory systems begin to function

Accepted Answer

The major sensory systems such as vision, hearing, taste, smell and touch begin to function before birth. Fetal development allows for the nervous system to develop and for sensory organs to start sensing stimuli before birth. For example, studies have shown that fetuses respond to sound as early as 24 weeks of gestation.

Question 15

Whose exploratory behavior would most likely just begin to involve exploring an item with both their eyes and hands?

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's stages of cognitive development, infants begin to coordinate their senses and actions in the sensory-motor stage around 4-8 months old. This means that at 6 months old, Dick is most likely to explore an item with both his eyes and hands, indicating early sensorimotor integration.

Question 16

Rather than using the term critical period, it is more accurate to characterize the effects of early experience on vision as a "_____."

Accepted Answer

The term "sensitive period" is used more often to describe the effects of early experience on vision. While there is a period of time when visual development is most responsive to environmental input, it is not necessarily a critical period with a fixed endpoint after which development becomes impossible. Instead, there may be ongoing capacity for change, though it may become progressively more difficult with age.

Question 17

As a typical four-month-old, Dakota's attention process is best described as

Accepted Answer

As a typical four-month-old, Dakota's attention process is caught by objects in the environment. At this age, infants are easily distracted by new stimuli in their surroundings and their attention span is not very long.

Question 18

Research has shown that children who undergo surgery for congenital cataracts, but who missed out on early visual experience,

Accepted Answer

Children who undergo surgery for congenital cataracts, but who missed out on early visual experience, are able to see details of faces, but have difficulty identifying different orientations of the same face. This is because they have not had the opportunity to develop the neural pathways necessary for face recognition.

Question 19

When asked whether it is important for some sensory damage (e.g., congenital cataract) in an infant be treated early, a competent physician would say,

Accepted Answer

Early intervention is crucial in cases of sensory damage, such as congenital cataract, to achieve the best possible long-term results. Delaying the procedure can lead to further complications, so the earlier it is done, the better the outcomes.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT an example of cross-modal perception?

Accepted Answer

Recognizing a person's face in a photograph that you have only seen in person one time is an example of visual perception, not cross-modal perception. Cross-modal perception involves integrating information from different senses to form a coherent perception.

Quiz 6: Sensation, Perception, and Action