Question 1

The concepts of health equity and which of the following are inseparable in their practical implementation?
A) Data systems
B) Health disparity
C) Health status
D) Health indicators

Accepted Answer

Health equity and health disparity are inseparable in their practical implementation. Policies and practices aimed at promoting the goal of health equity will not immediately eliminate all health disparities, but they will provide a foundation for moving closer to that goal. There are a variety of definitions of health disparity and health equity. The Advisory Committee on National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives for 2020 defined these terms for the purposes of Healthy People 2020.

Question 2

Healthy People 2020 has been designed to redirect attention from health care to which of the following?
A) Health marketing
B) Health costs
C) Health determinants
D) Health systems

Accepted Answer

The overarching goals of Healthy People 2020 reflect the fact that it has been designed to redirect attention from health care to health determinants. Health determinants need to be a primary focus of Healthy People 2020; health care is a secondary focus.

Question 3

Common oral and craniofacial diseases that can be assessed include which of the following?
A) Pemphigus vulgaris
B) Cherubism
C) Oral and pharyngeal cancer
D) Syndactyly

Accepted Answer

Common oral and craniofacial diseases that can be assessed include dental caries, periodontal disease, edentulism, oral and pharyngeal cancer, soft tissue lesions, craniofacial anomalies, malocclusion, orofacial injuries, and temporomandibular dysfunction. Pemphigus vulgaris and cherubism are rare oral and craniofacial diseases. Syndactyly is webbed fingers.

Question 4

According to the Advisory Committee on National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives for 2020, what requirements are needed for health equity?
A) Development of new drugs and therapies for treatment of diseases
B) Continuous efforts focused on elimination of health disparities and continuous efforts to maintain a desired state of equity
C) Construction of more emergency care facilities, particularly in downtown areas
D) More public education on communicable diseases

Accepted Answer

The Advisory Committee on National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives for 2020 states that the following requirements are needed for health equity: (1) Continuous efforts focused on elimination of health disparities, including disparities in health care and in the living and working conditions that influence health; and (2) Continuous efforts to maintain a desired state of equity after particular health disparities are eliminated.

Question 5

Which of the following have been stressed by several agencies and national organizations as important to the routine collection of data on oral health outcomes, risk factors, and intervention strategies?
A) Private dental offices
B) Dental and dental hygiene schools
C) Oral health surveillance systems
D) Community health facilities

Accepted Answer

Oral health surveillance systems are not only oral health data collection systems but also involve timely communication of oral health findings to responsible parties and to the public. Also, these systems involve using oral health data to initiate and evaluate public health measures to prevent and control oral diseases.

Question 6

The Healthy People 2020 oral health objectives are which of the following?
A) Based on the perceptions of voter expectations by members of Congress
B) A combination of current information with contemporary public health principles to benefit the largest number of people in the United States
C) National in scope and are not intended to be applicable to state and local governments
D) Generic and cannot be applied to any specific population group

Accepted Answer

The objectives combine current information with contemporary public health principles to benefit the largest number of people in the United States. They are based on the latest research and scientific evidence related to oral health. The oral health objectives inform decision making and resource allocation by driving action at national, state, and local levels toward the achievement of common oral health improvement goals. States, territories, tribes, and localities can use the framework to guide health plans for oral health improvements. The oral health objectives can shape the development and implementation of policies, interventions, programs, and practices tailored for specific population groups.

Question 7

At what frequency does Healthy People provide national health targets aimed at improving the health of all Americans?
A) Quarterly
B) Biannual
C) Yearly
D) 10 year

Accepted Answer

Healthy People provides national 10-year health targets aimed at improving the health of all Americans. It is grounded in the notion that establishing objectives and providing benchmarks to track and monitor progress over time can motivate, guide, and focus action.

Question 8

The etiology and pathogenesis of diseases and disorders affecting craniofacial structures are ___________ and ___________.
A) monofactorial; simple
B) monofactorial; complex
C) multifactorial; simple
D) multifactorial; complex

Accepted Answer

They are multifactorial and complex. Multiple determinants influence oral health in populations. They involve the interplay among social, cultural, behavioral, environmental, and biologic dimensions.

Question 9

Health determinants are which of the following?
A) A series of medical tests to determine the health status of an individual
B) The range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors that determine the health status of individuals or populations
C) Measured according to population surveys
D) Indicators that can be graphed according social stratification

Accepted Answer

They are the range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors that determine the health status of individuals or populations. Health determinants are embedded in the social and physical environments.

Question 10

Which of the following is one of the Healthy People 2020 Leading Health Indicators?
A) 15% increase in proportion of children, adolescents, and adults who used the oral health care system in the past year.
B) 11% reduction in the number of preterm live births.
C) 50% of young children (aged 19 to 35 months) are fully immunized.
D) 40% increase in adults who meet the objectives for aerobic physical activity.

Accepted Answer

One of the goals is to increase access to prenatal care so that an 11.4 % reduction in preterm live births can be realized. Other goals include a 49% increase in proportion of children, adolescents, and adults who used the oral health care system in the past year, 80% of young children to be fully immunized, and a 20.1% increase in adults who meet the objectives for aerobic physical activity.

Question 11

To fulfill one of the goals of the National 2020 Objectives for Leading Health Indicators, what percentage of children and adults (younger than 65 years of age) should have health insurance?
A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 100%

Accepted Answer

The goal is to increase access to health insurance so that 100% of children and adults (those younger than 65 years of age) have health insurance.

Question 12

According to the overarching goals of the Healthy People 2020 framework, detailing the multiple determinants of health, the innermost circle represents:
A) innate individual traits.
B) social, family, and community networks.
C) individual behavior.
D) living and working conditions.

Accepted Answer

Within the innermost circle are innate individual traits, including age, gender, race, and biologic factors, related to the biology of health and disease.

Question 13

Healthy People 2020 has established national objectives to be reached by which of the following years?
A) 2010
B) 2015
C) 2020
D) 2025

Accepted Answer

Healthy People 2020, the fourth generation of national benchmarks launched in 2010, has established national objectives to be reached by the year 2020.

Question 14

In the U.S. public health community, and as defined by the Advisory Committee, the term health disparity refers to a particular type of health difference among individuals or groups that is:
A) attributable to an endemic disease or condition.
B) caused by a genetic anomaly.
C) unfair because it is caused by social or economic disadvantage.
D) more prevalent in a particular race.

Accepted Answer

Health disparity refers to a particular type of health difference among groups or individuals that is unfair because it is caused by social or economic disadvantage. Thus, a health disparity is a particular type of health difference that is closely linked with social or economic disadvantage. Health disparities adversely affect groups of people who have systematically experienced greater social or economic obstacles to health.

Question 15

The overarching goals for Healthy People 2020 provide a general direction for the development of which of the following that will measure progress in population health within a specified time period?
A) Individual surveys
B) Predictive outcomes
C) Set of objectives
D) Regional demographics

Accepted Answer

The overarching goals provide a general direction for the development of a set of objectives that will measure progress in population health. These overarching goals continue the tradition of earlier Healthy People initiatives by advocating for improvements in the health of every person in the country. They address the environmental factors that contribute to collective health and illness by calling for healthy places and supportive public policies, placing particular emphasis on the determinants of health.

Question 16

Which of the following correctly represents the sequence of the Healthy People 2020 model of the multiple determinants of health from the innermost circle outward?
1) Living and working conditions
2) Social, family, and community networks
3) Innate individual traits
4) Individual behavior
A) 1, 2, 3, 4
B) 2, 1, 3, 4
C) 2, 1, 4, 3
D) 3, 4, 2, 1

Accepted Answer

The correct sequence from the innermost circle outward is innate individual traits, individual behavior, social, family, and community networks, and living and working conditions.

Question 17

The United States has developed plans for the prevention of diseases and the promotion of health embodied in the initiative known as which of the following?
A) The Association of State and Territorial Dental Directors (ASTDD) Basic Screening Survey
B) The Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Data Resource Center (DRC)
C) The National Oral Health Surveillance System (NOHSS)
D) Healthy People

Accepted Answer

The initiative is known as Healthy People. These national health objectives shape the health agenda in the United States and guide health improvements.

Question 18

To improve health in the coming decade, Healthy People 2020 targets reductions in adverse social and physical determinants as important areas for assessment and which of the following?
A) Analysis
B) Intervention
C) Data collection
D) Surveys

Accepted Answer

Reductions in adverse social and physical determinants have been targeted as important areas for assessment and intervention.

Question 19

Which of the following agencies has released a comprehensive set of national public health objectives each decade since 1980?
A) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)
B) National Institutes of Health (NIH)
C) National Board of Public Health Examiners (NBPHE)
D) World Health Organization (WHO)

Accepted Answer

Each decade since 1980, the HHS has released a comprehensive set of national public health objectives.

Question 20

The Healthy People 2020 initiative envisions a society in which all people are which of the following?
A) Free of poverty.
B) Living long, healthy lives.
C) Have the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
D) Disease free.

Accepted Answer

The initiative includes a vision of a society in which all people live long, healthy lives. The Healthy People 2020 vision statement outlines the focus for the overall initiative.

Quiz 4: Measuring Oral Health Status and Progress

The concepts of health equity and which of the following are inseparable in their practical implementation?

Healthy People 2020 has been designed to redirect attention from health care to which of the following?

Common oral and craniofacial diseases that can be assessed include which of the following?

According to the Advisory Committee on National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives for 2020, what requirements are needed for health equity?

Which of the following have been stressed by several agencies and national organizations as important to the routine collection of data on oral health outcomes, risk factors, and intervention strategies?

The Healthy People 2020 oral health objectives are which of the following?

At what frequency does Healthy People provide national health targets aimed at improving the health of all Americans?

The etiology and pathogenesis of diseases and disorders affecting craniofacial structures are _ and _.

Health determinants are which of the following?

Which of the following is one of the Healthy People 2020 Leading Health Indicators?

To fulfill one of the goals of the National 2020 Objectives for Leading Health Indicators, what percentage of children and adults (younger than 65 years of age) should have health insurance?

According to the overarching goals of the Healthy People 2020 framework, detailing the multiple determinants of health, the innermost circle represents:

Healthy People 2020 has established national objectives to be reached by which of the following years?

In the U.S. public health community, and as defined by the Advisory Committee, the term health disparity refers to a particular type of health difference among individuals or groups that is:

The overarching goals for Healthy People 2020 provide a general direction for the development of which of the following that will measure progress in population health within a specified time period?

Which of the following correctly represents the sequence of the Healthy People 2020 model of the multiple determinants of health from the innermost circle outward? 1) Living and working conditions 2) Social, family, and community networks 3) Innate individual traits 4) Individual behavior

The United States has developed plans for the prevention of diseases and the promotion of health embodied in the initiative known as which of the following?

To improve health in the coming decade, Healthy People 2020 targets reductions in adverse social and physical determinants as important areas for assessment and which of the following?

Which of the following agencies has released a comprehensive set of national public health objectives each decade since 1980?

The Healthy People 2020 initiative envisions a society in which all people are which of the following?