Question 1

In 2011,the Ethics Resource Center found that ________ percent of employees surveyed had witnessed misconduct at work and ________ percent had reported it.

Accepted Answer

According to the Ethics Resource Center's 2011 National Business Ethics Survey, 45% of employees surveyed had witnessed misconduct at work and 65% of those employees reported it.

Question 2

As opposed to rule-based countries,relationship-based countries tend to

Accepted Answer

In relationship-based countries, business and governmental affairs often depend more on personal relationships and networks than on formal rules and procedures. This can lead to less transparency, as decisions are made based on personal connections rather than transparent criteria. It can also lead to a higher degree of corruption, as the reliance on personal relationships can facilitate corrupt practices.

Question 3

Rule-based governance

Accepted Answer

Rule-based governance relies on publicly verifiable information, meaning that decisions and actions are based on objective and measurable data. This helps to ensure transparency and accountability in policymaking and implementation. While it may be more prevalent in some developing countries, it is not limited to them, as many developed nations also use rule-based governance principles. Implicit agreement and nontransparency are not characteristics of rule-based governance, and while building relationships may be an important component, it is not necessarily a requirement for functioning rule-based governance.

Question 4

According to Kohlberg,the second level of moral development,characterized by considerations of society's laws and norms,is called

Accepted Answer

The second level of moral development, according to Kohlberg, is called conventional. This level is characterized by an individual's adherence to society's norms and laws, as well as a desire to maintain social order and approval from others.

Question 5

Blindly following orders reflects which type of moral relativism?

Accepted Answer

Blindly following orders reflects role relativism, which is the belief that one's actions are justified by virtue of their role or position in society. In this case, individuals may believe that they must follow orders regardless of the morality or consequences of those actions because it is their role or duty as a subordinate.

Question 6

All of the following are one of the four types of moral relativism EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following are one of...

Question 7

According to a 2011 survey by the Ethics Resource Center,which was not cited as one of the most common questionable behaviors that employees engage in?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to a 2011 survey by the...

Question 8

The ________ has been measuring the state of ethics in organizations since 2007.

Accepted Answer

The Ethics Resource Center has been measuring the state of ethics in organizations since 2007 through their National Business Ethics Survey.

Question 9

Role relativism is based on the belief that

Accepted Answer

Role relativism suggests that the moral obligations and ethical decisions of an individual are significantly influenced by the social roles they occupy. This perspective emphasizes that different roles may entail different responsibilities and ethical considerations.

Question 10

According to a 2013 survey by the Ethics Resource Center,which of the following was cited as a significant positive trend?

Accepted Answer

The 2013 survey by the Ethics Resource Center cited that the percentage of firms providing ethical training rose to an all-time high of 81%, which indicates a significant positive trend. The other choices are negative or do not reflect any trend in ethical behavior.

Question 11

According to Kohlberg,the first level of moral development,characterized by concern for self,is called

Accepted Answer

The first level of moral development according to Kohlberg is pre-conventional, which is characterized by a focus on self-interest and obedience to authority.

Question 12

Some people claim that morality is relative to some personal,social,or cultural standard and that there is no method for deciding whether one decision is better than another.This is called

Accepted Answer

The concept described in the statement is moral relativism, which argues that moral truths are dependent on personal, social, or cultural standards and that there is no objective method for determining the superiority of one moral decision over another. This view rejects the idea of universal moral principles and instead asserts that moral judgments are relative to a given context or culture.

Question 13

Former Enron Vice-President Sherron Watkins used the ________ analogy to explain why executives at Enron engaged in unethical and illegal actions.

Accepted Answer

Sherron Watkins used the "frogs in boiling water" analogy to explain why executives at Enron engaged in unethical and illegal actions. This analogy suggests that individuals can become accustomed to unethical behavior over time, similar to how a frog placed in a pot of cool water will eventually adapt to the heat as the temperature slowly increases until it is boiled alive.

Question 14

All of the following reasons provide rationale for unethical behavior EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

The other options suggest external factors that can contribute to unethical behavior, while option D suggests that unethical behavior is accepted by all parties involved, which goes against the definition of unethical behavior as a violation of moral and ethical standards.

Question 15

Of the six values measured by the Allport-Vernon-Lindzey Study of Values test,both U.S.and British executives consistently score highest on ________ values and lowest on ________ values.

Accepted Answer

According to the Allport-Vernon-Lindzey Study of Values test, U.S. and British executives consistently score highest on economic and political values and lowest on social and religious values. Option C is the only choice that includes both economic and political values as the highest scored values and social and religious values as the lowest scored values.

Question 16

"When in Rome,do as the Romans do" reflects which type of moral relativism?

Accepted Answer

"When in Rome, do as the Romans do" suggests that one should adapt to the cultural norms and values of the place they are visiting. This idea aligns with cultural relativism, which holds that moral or ethical standards are relative to the culture in which they are formed. This means that what is right or wrong is determined by the beliefs and practices of a particular culture, rather than by any objective standard. Naive relativism is the belief that all opinions are equally valid, which is not reflected in this statement. Role relativism suggests that morality is dependent on an individual's social roles, which is not relevant here. Principled relativism holds that moral principles can vary between different individuals, which is also not reflected in this statement. Social group relativism argues that morality is dependent on a person's social group or community, which again is not directly relevant to this statement.

Question 17

Secondary stakeholders have a direct connection with the corporation and have sufficient bargaining to directly affect corporate activities.

Accepted Answer

Secondary stakeholders do not have a direct connection with the corporation and typically do not have sufficient bargaining power to directly affect corporate activities; instead, they are indirectly affected by the corporation's actions.

Question 18

A company may have some stakeholders of which it is only marginally aware and in some cases does not seem interested in appeasing.

Accepted Answer

It is possible for a company to have stakeholders that it is not fully aware of or concerned about. However, it is generally in the company's best interest to identify and engage with all stakeholders in order to maintain positive relationships and meet their needs. Ignoring or dismissing certain stakeholders could lead to negative consequences for the company in the long run.

Question 19

What is stakeholder analysis? List the three-step process.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is stakeholder analysis? List the three-step...

Question 20

Which of the following is the most common reason given by surveyed executives for bending the rules to attain their objectives?

Accepted Answer

Organizational performance required it is often cited as the most common reason by executives for bending the rules to achieve their objectives, as they may feel pressured to meet certain targets or outcomes.

Quiz 3: Social Responsibility and Ethics in Strategic Management

In 2011,the Ethics Resource Center found that percent of employees surveyed had witnessed misconduct at work and percent had reported it.