Question 1

____________________ is the volume of blood discharged by the heart each minute.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ is the volume of blood discharged...

Question 2

After the first 10 seconds or so of intense activity, energy from the phosphagen system diminishes, so muscle cells call upon the ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of After the first 10 seconds or so...

Question 3

Immediately after the onset of a demand, before muscle ATP pools dwindle, a muscle enzyme begins to break down ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Immediately after the onset of a demand,...

Question 4

____________________ has been shown to raise the concentration of muscle carnosine, which enhances the muscles' buffering capacity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ has been shown to raise the...

Question 5

Which of the following is a feature of chromium supplements in physical performance?

Accepted Answer

The statement "Most recent studies on chromium picolinate supplementation show no favorable effects on strength or lean body mass" indicates that option D is the correct choice. The other options are either irrelevant or incorrect.

Question 6

To meet the more prolonged demands of sustained activity, the muscles rely on the ____________________ to provide ATP for muscle contraction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of To meet the more prolonged demands of...

Question 7

Which of the following is a feature of caffeine use in physical activity?

Accepted Answer

Caffeine is regulated in some sports, and there are limits on how much can be consumed before competitions, similar to the amount found in about 5 cups of coffee.

Question 8

Which of the following is a feature of androstenedione use in athletes?

Accepted Answer

Androstenedione is considered a dangerous alternative to anabolic steroids because it can have similar side effects and health risks, including hormonal imbalances and potential long-term health issues.

Question 9

Which of the following ergogenic aids increases the risk for acromegaly?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone (GH) increases the risk for acromegaly, a condition that results from excessive GH secretion after the closure of epiphyses. This condition leads to an increase in bone thickness, organ enlargement, and soft tissue growth. GH is illegal for athletic performance enhancement and considered a performance-enhancing drug.

Question 10

____________________ are substances or treatments that purportedly improve athletic performance above and beyond what is possible through training.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ are substances or treatments that purportedly...

Question 11

____________________ involves training the muscles to store as much glycogen as they can, while supplying the dietary glucose to enable them to do so.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ involves training the muscles to store...

Question 12

Which of the following is a feature of specific ergogenic aids?

Accepted Answer

Caffeine has been shown to improve performance in short-term, high-intensity activities, as it can increase alertness and reduce perceived exertion.

Answer: B 
 Carnitine supplements have been shown to increase intramuscular carnitine concentration, which can improve fat oxidation and potentially increase endurance performance.

Answer: C 
 There is limited evidence to support the use of ribose supplements as an ergogenic aid, and it is not widely accepted as effective.

Answer: D 
 Chromium supplements have been shown to enhance fat oxidation in some athletes, but the effects may vary depending on individual factors such as diet and exercise habits.

Answer: E 
 Sodium bicarbonate can lead to gastrointestinal discomfort and potentially severe constipation in some athletes, making it a less desirable ergogenic aid.

Question 13

Why should fiber-rich foods be avoided in an athlete's pregame meal?

Accepted Answer

Fiber retains water in the gastrointestinal tract, which can lead to bloating and discomfort during athletic performance.

Question 14

Which of the following describes an effect of caffeine use in the athlete?

Accepted Answer

Caffeine use stimulates the release of fatty acids from adipose tissue, which can serve as an additional energy source for athletes during exercise.

Answer: B 
 Caffeine has been shown to enhance performance in a variety of athletic activities, including endurance exercise and high-intensity activities.

Answer: E 
 Some studies have suggested that caffeine use may slow down the rate at which glycogen is used during exercise, allowing athletes to prolong their endurance. The other choices (C and D) are not accurate descriptions of the effects of caffeine use in athletes.

Question 15

____________________ ingested prior to high-intensity sports performance buffers the acid and neutralizes the carbon dioxide, thereby maintaining muscle pH levels closer to normal and enhancing exercise capacity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ ingested prior to high-intensity sports performance...

Question 16

Results of research studying carnitine supplementation as an ergogenic aid showed that it

Accepted Answer

Research shows that carnitine supplementation does not seem to increase fat oxidation.

Question 17

Which of the following is a feature of creatine supplementation in athletes?

Accepted Answer

Creatine supplementation has been shown to improve performance in high-intensity, short-duration activities such as weight lifting and sprinting. It is not useful for endurance athletes as it does not improve aerobic capacity or oxygen uptake. Long-term use in recommended doses has not been shown to adversely affect liver or kidney function, and it does not induce short-term weight loss consisting primarily of lean tissue. There is no evidence to suggest that it is especially useful for distance swimmers.

Question 18

____________________ is a transient condition of low hemoglobin in the blood, associated with the early stages of sports training or other strenuous activity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ is a transient condition of low...

Question 19

What should be the composition of the last (pregame) meal before an athletic event?

Accepted Answer

The last pregame meal should be high in carbohydrates and low in fiber to allow for easy digestion and absorption of nutrients. It should provide 300-800 kcal depending on the athlete's size, with a focus on complex carbohydrates such as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. Protein intake should be moderate, and fat intake should be limited. Additionally, the meal should be consumed 3-4 hours before the event to allow for proper digestion and prevent gastrointestinal distress during the event.

Question 20

Supplementing the diet with ____________________ during training has been shown to increase muscle mass and strength, especially among untrained individuals.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Supplementing the diet with ____________________ during training...

Quiz 14: Fitness: Physical Activity, Nutrients, and Body Adaptations