Question 1

Kitchell's son is throwing an absolute fit at the pool. He screams and stamps his feet. Kitchell ignores him, all the other parents ignore him, and so do his friends. Eventually his tantrum stops. Kitchell has used which operant conditioning strategy?

Accepted Answer

Kitchell's strategy is nonreinforcement, as he is not giving any attention or response to his son's tantrum. This strategy is often used to undermine the reinforcing value of a behavior and make it less likely to be repeated in the future. Neither positive nor negative reinforcement is used in this situation, as Kitchell is not providing any rewards or punishments to his son's behavior. Shaping is also not applicable here, as it involves gradually reinforcing behaviors that approximate the desired behavior, which is not happening in this case.

Question 2

Because behavior therapies do not address important thoughts and perceptions, they are often used in conjunction with ____.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive therapy addresses thoughts and perceptions, and is often used in conjunction with behavior therapies to provide a more comprehensive treatment approach. Psychoanalysis and humanistic therapy are not typically used in conjunction with behavior therapies, and covert sensitization therapy is a specific type of behavior therapy.

Question 3

Janine is in therapy for depression. The therapist confronts Janine's incorrect beliefs, and indicates how her negative thoughts are contributing to her feelings of depression. Janine is most likely undergoing ____.

Accepted Answer

Rational-emotive therapy (RET) is a type of cognitive-behavioral therapy that confronts clients' irrational beliefs and helps them replace them with rational, more adaptive beliefs. This technique is often used to treat depression, anxiety, and other psychological problems.

Question 4

Lori's therapist often points out her irrational beliefs by logically and forcefully confronting her with them. Her therapist is most likely a ____.

Accepted Answer

Lori's therapist confronts her irrational beliefs using logic, which is a key technique in Rational-Emotive Therapy (RET).

Question 5

The therapy developed by Albert Ellis is called ____.

Accepted Answer

The therapy developed by Albert Ellis is called rational-emotive therapy.

Question 6

Aaron Beck's focus on automatic and negative thought patterns and Albert Ellis's focus on rational-emotive therapy reflect the common view that ____.

Accepted Answer

Both Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis emphasized the role of faulty thinking patterns in the development and maintenance of anxiety and depression, which is reflected in their respective therapies. Therefore, the common view shared by these approaches is that anxiety and depression stem from faulty cognitive processes.

Question 7

Dr. Robinson works with people who are intellectually disabled. In order to help them master self-help skills, he positively reinforces each successive attempt toward a skill. What behavioral strategy is Dr. Robinson using?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Robinson is using shaping, which involves reinforcing successive approximations towards a desired behavior. By positively reinforcing each attempt towards a skill, he is gradually shaping the individual's behavior towards mastery of the skill.

Question 8

A token economy involves ____.

Accepted Answer

A token economy involves rewarding appropriate behavior with points or chips that can be exchanged for desired items such as food. It is often used in schools, psychiatric hospitals, and other settings to reinforce positive behavior and reduce problem behaviors.

Question 9

Makena is in therapy for depression. Makena and her therapist work together in therapy to identify her negative automatic thoughts. They then test the accuracy of these thoughts. Makena is most likely undergoing ____.

Accepted Answer

The scenario describes cognitive therapy, which specifically focuses on identifying and challenging negative thought patterns. Behavior modification focuses on changing problematic behaviors, psychoanalysis involves exploring unconscious thoughts and patterns, and client-centered therapy emphasizes empathy and non-directive support.

Question 10

Shaping can be used in behavior therapy and is based on ____ principles.

Accepted Answer

Shaping is a technique used in behavior therapy that is based on operant conditioning principles. It involves reinforcing successive approximations toward a desired behavior until the desired behavior is ultimately achieved.

Question 11

Which type of therapy is most similar to rational-emotive therapy?

Accepted Answer

Rational-emotive therapy and Aaron Beck's cognitive therapy are both forms of cognitive-behavioral therapy that focus on identifying and correcting irrational or negative thinking patterns. They both aim to help individuals develop more positive and realistic beliefs and attitudes about themselves and their experiences.

Question 12

Josh is a person with an anxiety disorder. His therapist confronts Josh's unhealthy ways of thinking and tries to get him to change his interpretation of events. Josh is most likely undergoing ____.

Accepted Answer

Rational-emotive therapy (RET) is a form of cognitive-behavioral therapy that focuses on challenging and changing unhealthy beliefs and thought patterns. The therapist in this scenario is challenging Josh's interpretation of events, which aligns with the goals of RET.

Question 13

The goal of rational-emotive therapy is to ____.

Accepted Answer

The primary goal of rational-emotive therapy is to identify and change irrational beliefs that cause negative emotions and behaviors. The therapy aims to help individuals recognize and challenge their distorted thinking patterns and replace them with more rational beliefs that lead to better emotional and behavioral outcomes.

Question 14

Cognitive therapy has been found to be ____.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive therapy has been shown to be just as effective as medications in treating anxiety disorders and depression, offering a non-pharmacological treatment option that can be used alone or in combination with medication.

Question 15

Rational-emotive therapy is a form of ____.

Accepted Answer

Rational-emotive therapy is a form of cognitive therapy, which focuses on identifying and changing irrational thought patterns and beliefs that contribute to negative emotions and behaviors. It was developed by Albert Ellis, who believed that people can learn to challenge and modify their irrational thoughts through rational thinking and self-reflection. It is different from psychodynamic therapy, which focuses on unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences, and from humanistic therapy, which emphasizes self-actualization and personal growth.

Question 16

Aaron Beck's cognitive therapy is not as ____ as Albert Ellis' rational-emotive therapy.

Accepted Answer

Albert Ellis' rational-emotive therapy is known for its confrontational approach, whereas Aaron Beck's cognitive therapy tends to be more collaborative and focused on identifying and changing negative thought patterns.

Question 17

Aaron Beck developed his view of cognitive therapy after noticing ____.

Accepted Answer

Aaron Beck developed his view of cognitive therapy after observing a common pattern among his depressed clients, where they tended to have a negative view of themselves, their experiences, and the future. This observation was foundational in the development of cognitive therapy, focusing on identifying and changing these negative thought patterns.

Question 18

If you have participated in an environment in which something like gold stars were given for appropriate behavior, and a certain number of gold stars earned something like an ice cream treat, you have been involved in a ____.

Accepted Answer

The description fits that of a token economy, which is a behavioral intervention consisting of a system in which targeted behaviors are reinforced with tokens (e.g. gold stars) that can be exchanged for rewards (e.g. ice cream treat).

Question 19

In order to address the concerns raised by thoughts and perceptions, behavioral strategies have become increasingly combined with ____.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive therapy focuses on challenging and changing negative thought patterns that contribute to negative behaviors and emotions. Therefore, combining behavioral strategies with cognitive therapy can help address both the behavioral and cognitive aspects of thoughts and perceptions.

Question 20

Which strategy is likely to be used only sparingly by a behavioral therapist?

Accepted Answer

Punishment is typically used sparingly by behavioral therapists because it can have negative side effects, such as increasing aggression or fear, and does not teach or reinforce desired behaviors.

Quiz 14: Mental Health Therapies