Question 1

Which of the following statements is NOT true of the first black police officers?

Accepted Answer

It is not true that the first black police officers were slaves. They were "free men of color" who were hired around 1805 to serve as members of the New Orleans city watch system. They were not primarily hired because other people did not want the job, but rather because they were perceived as being better equipped to police the city's large population of people of African descent.

Question 2

At various times in American history,local police have acted in several different roles.Three of the roles listed in your textbook are below.Which one does NOT belong?

Accepted Answer

While local police may work alongside firefighters in emergency situations, they do not typically fulfill the same role and are not considered firefighters themselves. The other three roles listed (social workers, public servants, peacekeepers) all represent common roles fulfilled by local police at various times.

Question 3

Which was the first American city to create a paid and unified municipal police force?

Accepted Answer

New York City established the first paid and unified municipal police force in the United States in 1845.

Question 4

After the Civil War,municipal police officers began to take on the characteristics of today's police.Three of these characteristics are listed below.Which one does NOT belong?

Accepted Answer

Municipal police officers did not begin to form posses. This is not a characteristic of modern policing and is not in line with the professionalization of law enforcement that occurred after the Civil War. The other three characteristics listed (carrying nightsticks, carrying firearms, and wearing uniforms) are all indicative of the modern police force.

Question 5

Approximately how many local,state,and federal public law enforcement agencies operate in the United States?

Accepted Answer

According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, there were approximately 18,000 federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies operating in the United States in 2016.

Question 6

August Vollmer advocated three principles to professionalize American policing.Which of the following does NOT belong?

Accepted Answer

While Vollmer did advocate for increased training and education for police officers, he did not believe that citizens needed training in self-policing. This option is the odd one out among the principles mentioned.

Question 7

By the 1970s,research began to show three of the following findings.Which one does NOT belong?

Accepted Answer

The other three findings (A, B, and C) are all supported by research and are widely accepted by criminologists. However, the idea that neighborhood-based policing projects had high success rates is disputed by some researchers and is not universally accepted.

Question 8

The Statute of Winchester formalized the ____ system of protection.

Accepted Answer

The Statute of Winchester, enacted in 1285, formalized the constable-watch system of protection, which required the appointment of watchmen in cities and towns to guard against disturbances and breaches of the peace.

Question 9

In the South,the earliest form of policing was the:

Accepted Answer

Slave patrols were established in the South in the early 1700s to control and monitor slaves. They were the earliest form of policing in the South, and their primary purpose was to maintain the system of slavery. The patrols were groups of white men who were authorized to stop, search, and punish slaves who were out of bounds or engaged in any suspicious behavior.

Question 10

Three emphasis areas of community policing are listed below.Which one does NOT belong?

Accepted Answer

Community policing focuses on building ties and working closely with community members, which includes delivering social services, eradicating the causes of crime, and keeping peace, rather than solely fighting crime.

Question 11

Under the tithing system,groups of 10 families (or a tithing)would follow three of the principles listed below.Which one does NOT belong?

Accepted Answer

The tithing system was a system of social control in ancient England. Under this system, groups of 10 families (or a tithing) would agree to follow the law, keep the peace in their areas, and bring law violators to justice. However, there was no requirement to select one man from each parish as chief peacekeeper. This may be a confusion with the frankpledge system, where a group of 10 tithings (or a hundred) would select a chief tithingman to act as a liaison with the court system.

Question 12

Following the backlash to Reconstruction and the loss of jobs of black police officers,during which of the following periods were black police officers hired again in most southern cities?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Following the backlash to Reconstruction and the...

Question 13

The slave codes held slaves responsible for their crimes and other acts that were not crimes if committed by free persons.Three typical restrictions against slaves are listed below.Which one does NOT belong?

Accepted Answer

The restriction in choice C is not typical, as enslaved people were often forced to learn and perform skilled trades such as blacksmithing, carpentry, or cooking.

Question 14

According to Peel,the main function of the police was to ____ by ____ of the community.

Accepted Answer

Peel believed that the primary function of the police was to prevent crime through the use of preventive patrol, rather than just solving crimes through active investigation. This is reflected in his famous quote, "the basic mission for which the police exist is to prevent crime and disorder."

Question 15

The idea of ____ remains very popular in the South and the West.

Accepted Answer

The idea of self-protection, or the ability to protect oneself without relying on government or law enforcement, has remained popular in the South and West regions of the United States. This can be seen in the prevalence of gun ownership and support for Second Amendment rights in these areas. Options A, B, and D are not relevant to the given statement.

Question 16

The basic concepts of American law enforcement and criminal justice originated in:

Accepted Answer

The basic concepts of American law enforcement and criminal justice originated from the English common law traditions brought over during colonial times. Many of the early American colonists were familiar with English legal systems and practices, and these influenced the development of law enforcement and criminal justice in the United States.

Question 17

Earlier in American history,two forms of police protection began to evolve-the ____ in the villages,towns,and cities; and the ____ in the rural areas,unincorporated areas,and counties.

Accepted Answer

The constable-watch system was established in the villages, towns, and cities, while the sheriff system was established in the rural areas, unincorporated areas, and counties. The tithing system was an old English system of community policing and was not a major form of police protection in America. Therefore, options A and D are incorrect, and option C is the correct answer.

Question 18

One similarity between the slave patrols and the constable-watch system was that:

Accepted Answer

Both the slave patrols and the constable-watch system allowed individuals to hire others to fulfill their obligations, reflecting an early form of delegated law enforcement responsibility.

Question 19

The vast majority of American law enforcement agencies are:

Accepted Answer

The majority of law enforcement agencies in the United States are at the local level, meaning they are responsible for enforcing laws within a particular city or county. These agencies include municipal police departments, county sheriffs, and campus police departments. While there are also state and federal law enforcement agencies, local agencies are by far the most numerous and visible to the public.

Question 20

Early American citizens ____ the formation of the first police departments.

Accepted Answer

Early American citizens generally did not trust the idea of a centralized police force, as they viewed it as a threat to their individual rights and freedoms. They preferred to maintain local control over law enforcement and handle disputes themselves. As a result, the formation of the first police departments was often met with resistance and skepticism from the community.

Quiz 5: History and Structure of American Law