Question 1

In his research on adolescent boys' development of methods to deal with conflict,Victor made sure to identify and explore the ethnic backgrounds of his subjects.What element of the PPCT model is Victor focusing on in this aspect of his research?

Accepted Answer

Victor is focusing on the context element of the PPCT model by identifying and exploring the ethnic backgrounds of his subjects as it can influence their development of conflict resolution methods.

Question 2

On Saturdays,Halima's grandmother shows her how to make some of the family's favorite recipes from their home country.Bronfenbrenner would view these experiences as ________.

Accepted Answer

Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory emphasizes the importance of transactions or reciprocal interactions between individuals and the environment. Halima's experiences with her grandmother on Saturdays involve a transaction between her and her grandmother as they engage in the cultural tradition of cooking. Therefore, option B is the best choice. Options A, C and D do not accurately reflect Halima's experience with her grandmother. Overimitation refers to copying others' actions even when it is not necessary, latent learning refers to learning that occurs without obvious reinforcement, and use of tools refers to the use of physical objects to facilitate problem-solving.

Question 3

Erikson's perspective on development focused on conflicts,whereas Vygotsky focused on ________ and Bronfenbrenner focused on ________.

Accepted Answer

Vygotsky focused on tools, particularly cultural and psychological tools that aid cognitive development, while Bronfenbrenner focused on transactions, emphasizing the interactions between individuals and their environments.

Question 4

Priya is participating in a research project intended to alter her behavior through learning theory,which in her case is successful.Watson would say that Priya's behavior was guided by ________,whereas Bandura would say that her behavior was guided by ________.

Accepted Answer

Watson, a behaviorist, believed behavior is guided by stimuli, emphasizing the external environment's role in shaping behavior. Bandura, known for social learning theory, emphasized the role of cognitive processes such as perceptions in learning and behavior change, suggesting individuals learn by observing others and the outcomes of those behaviors, incorporating internal processes in understanding behavior.

Question 5

Damon is preparing to deliver a speech on the interdependent developmental dynamic between humans and their environment.Who will Damon likely reference in his speech?

Accepted Answer

Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory emphasizes the interconnectedness between individuals and their environment, making him a likely reference for Damon's speech on the interdependent developmental dynamic between humans and their environment. Piaget, Watson, and Skinner, although notable psychologists, do not have theories that focus on this specific topic in the same way that Bronfenbrenner's theory does.

Question 6

Which of the following developmental theorists most emphasized the "process" component of the PPCT model?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following developmental theorists most...

Question 7

Why did Bronfenbrenner call his framework for human development "bioecological"?

Accepted Answer

Bronfenbrenner believed that development is shaped by the interaction of individuals and their environment, hence the term "bioecological."

Question 8

Which term best reflects the scope of Bronfenbrenner's chronosystem?

Accepted Answer

The chronosystem refers to the dimension of time as it relates to development. It is a multilevel concept that includes both individual changes and historical events that affect development across time. Therefore, the best choice is B, which reflects the multilevel aspect of the chronosystem. The other options are not appropriate as they do not capture this aspect of Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory.

Question 9

Systems theories of development are popular with contemporary scientists because they reflect the ________nature of human life.

Accepted Answer

Systems theories of development are popular because they reflect the complex nature of human life, considering the multiple interacting systems that influence development.

Question 10

Lynette has always been afraid of public speaking,but she needs to add this skill if she wants to advance in her company.Recently she joined a group that meets weekly to deliver short speeches and offer each other feedback.Which of the following best describes what Lynette is engaged in?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lynette has always been afraid of public...

Question 11

The cognitive deficits that occur in someone who has Alzheimer's disease demonstrates a component of which theory on human development?

Accepted Answer

The cognitive deficits associated with Alzheimer's disease relate to information-processing theory, which describes how people take in, store, and use information.

Question 12

Bronfenbrenner would say that summer camp provides adolescent children with opportunities for proximal processes that can help in developing their ________.

Accepted Answer

According to Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, proximal processes refer to the interactions and activities that occur between an individual and their immediate environment, such as family, peers, and school. Summer camp provides opportunities for adolescents to interact with a different peer group in a new environment, which can help in developing their social competence. Therefore, option B is the best choice. Options A, C, and D are not directly related to the concept of proximal processes.

Question 13

Although not as popular among scientists as it once was,Piaget's cognitive theory of development still has influence in the field of

Accepted Answer

Piaget's cognitive theory of development has had the most significant impact in the field of education, as it emphasizes the importance of a child's active involvement in the learning process and the need for instruction that is developmentally appropriate. While it may have some relevance to other fields, such as human resources and gerontology, it is not as directly applicable or influential. Neurology, on the other hand, is concerned more with the physical structures and processes of the brain, rather than cognitive development.

Question 14

A developmental scientist who wanted to point out weaknesses in Piaget's theory of development would have the most success focusing on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory is criticized for being biased towards a Western-centric perspective and not accounting for cultural variations in cognitive development. A developmental scientist could point out that this limits the generalizability of Piaget's theory and highlights the need to incorporate cultural factors into the understanding of development.

Question 15

Some public figures in America seem to believe that the world revolves around them and cannot comprehend any ideas or perspectives other than their own.Piaget would say that these adults are acting more like ________

Accepted Answer

Piaget would say these adults are acting more like 4-year-olds because this age is typically associated with egocentrism, where children have difficulty seeing things from perspectives other than their own.

Question 16

Compared to Bronfenbrenner's model,the earlier theorists all generally believed that human development ________

Accepted Answer

Earlier theorists often conceptualized human development as occurring in isolation or a vacuum, not taking into account the complex interplay of various environmental and social factors that Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory emphasizes.

Question 17

Which of the following developmental theorists most emphasized the "C" component of Bronfenbrenner's PPCT model?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following developmental theorists most...

Question 18

After reading about various developmental theorists,Quentin became fascinated with Vygotsky's perspective.Now that he is formally a researcher,which of the following is the likely focus of Quentin's work?

Accepted Answer

Quentin's fascination with Vygotsky's perspective suggests that his work is likely to focus on the role of language and culture in child development, so C is the best choice. The other options (environment as systems, media as models, time as reinforcement) do not seem as directly relevant to Vygotsky's ideas.

Question 19

Compared to earlier learning theorists,Bandura would say that human development is more

Accepted Answer

Bandura emphasized the importance of active participation and social influences in human development, which is different from earlier learning theorists who focused more on passive responses to environmental stimuli. Therefore, "participatory" is the most appropriate description of Bandura's view of human development.

Question 20

A key criticism of Bronfenbrenner's theory of development is that it  ________

Accepted Answer

One key criticism of Bronfenbrenner's theory of development is that it is too individualistic, focusing primarily on the role of the individual within their environment, and not sufficiently recognizing the broader societal and cultural factors that shape development.

Quiz 2: Theories of Human Development