Question 1

Some athletes take supplements of the mineral ________ in an effort to gain lean body mass and reduce body fat.

Accepted Answer

Chromium is believed to enhance the action of insulin, leading to increased protein synthesis and decreased body fat. This has led some athletes to supplement with chromium in an effort to improve body composition and performance. However, the evidence for chromium's effectiveness as a supplement for athletes is limited and inconsistent.

Question 2

Iodine deficiency can cause low blood levels of thyroid hormone.This condition is known as:

Accepted Answer

Iodine is an essential nutrient necessary for the production of thyroid hormone. Hypothyroidism is a condition that arises when there is a deficiency of thyroid hormone in the body. This can be caused by iodine deficiency, among other factors. Hyperthyroidism is the opposite condition, where there is an excess of thyroid hormone in the body. Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that can lead to hyperthyroidism. Pellagra is a condition caused by niacin deficiency.

Question 3

Which B-vitamin is part of the coenzymes FAD and FMN that aid in breaking down glucose and fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Riboflavin is part of the coenzymes FAD and FMN, which aid in breaking down glucose and fatty acids. Thiamin is important for energy metabolism but is not part of FAD or FMN. Niacin is also important for energy metabolism but is not part of FAD or FMN. Folate is important for DNA synthesis and cell growth but is not directly involved in energy metabolism.

Question 4

The "three Ds"-dermatitis,diarrhea,and dementia-are symptoms of the advanced progression of which deficiency disease?

Accepted Answer

The "three Ds" (dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia) are classic symptoms of pellagra, a deficiency disease caused by a lack of niacin (vitamin B3). Beriberi is a deficiency disease caused by a lack of thiamine (vitamin B1), and hypothyroidism/hyperthyroidism are hormonal imbalances rather than deficiency diseases.

Question 5

Which major mineral is a component of thiamin and biotin?

Accepted Answer

Sulfur is a major mineral that is a component of both thiamin and biotin. It is incorporated into the chemical structure of these vitamins, helping to make them stable and active.

Question 6

A(n)________ is an organic molecule that combines with an enzyme to activate it.

Accepted Answer

A coenzyme is an organic molecule that binds to an enzyme to enable it to function properly. Coenzymes are typically derived from vitamins and are essential for many metabolic pathways in the body. Examples include coenzyme Q10, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD).

Question 7

Which of the following is a trace mineral that enhances the ability of insulin to transport glucose into the body's cells?

Accepted Answer

Chromium is a trace mineral that enhances the ability of insulin to transport glucose into the body's cells.

Question 8

When you exercise,your body uses glycogen to maintain blood glucose levels.Which vitamin acts as a coenzyme during this process?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B₆ is a coenzyme involved in the breakdown and conversion of glycogen to glucose during exercise. It helps maintain blood glucose levels by assisting in the breakdown of glycogen in the liver and muscles.

Question 9

Prolonged excessive niacin intake can cause:

Accepted Answer

Prolonged excessive niacin intake can cause liver damage. While niacin is an essential B-vitamin, taking excessive amounts (more than 35 mg/day) can be harmful to the liver. Symptoms of liver damage may include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and yellowing of the skin or eyes.

Question 10

Which diet listed below is low in B-vitamins?

Accepted Answer

Unenriched, processed foods are often stripped of nutrients, including B-vitamins.

Question 11

A deficiency of ________ leads to the development of beriberi.

Accepted Answer

Beriberi is caused due to the deficiency of thiamin, also known as vitamin B1. Thiamin is a water-soluble vitamin that plays an essential role in energy production, nerve function, and carbohydrate metabolism. A severe deficiency of thiamin can cause Beriberi, a disease characterized by muscle weakness, pain, and nerve degeneration.

Question 12

Eric plays soccer and runs track.He relies on sports gels,candy,and soda for quick energy boosts after his games and track meets.Based on his activity level and snack preferences,he has an increased risk for:

Accepted Answer

Eric's reliance on sports gels, candy, and soda for quick energy boosts indicates that he may not be getting sufficient nutrients from his diet for optimal health. B-vitamins are important for energy metabolism and a deficiency could impair his athletic performance.

Question 13

Chronic deficiency of ________ can impair heme synthesis and lead to the formation of small red blood cells with inadequate hemoglobin.

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B₆ is essential for heme synthesis, and its deficiency can lead to microcytic anemia, characterized by small red blood cells with inadequate hemoglobin.

Question 14

Sandy has just been diagnosed with atrophic gastritis.Which vitamin is her doctor MOST likely to suggest she receive in supplement form?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sandy has just been diagnosed with atrophic...

Question 15

Consuming excessive amounts of vitamin B₆ in supplement form has been associated with:

Accepted Answer

Consuming excessive amounts of vitamin B₆ in supplement form has been associated with sensory neuropathy and lesions.

Question 16

Which of the foods below has the highest amount of B-vitamins?

Accepted Answer

Whole wheat bread is the best choice as it is made from whole grains and has not been processed or refined, which means it retains most of its nutrients including B-vitamins. White bread rolls and polished rice are both refined, which means they have lost most of their nutrients including B-vitamins. Cheese may contain some B-vitamins, but not as much as whole wheat bread.

Question 17

Which ailment below is a type of mental retardation caused by insufficient iodine during fetal development?

Accepted Answer

Cretinism is a type of mental retardation caused by insufficient iodine during fetal development. Goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland due to lack of iodine or other reasons, pellagra is a nutritional deficiency disease caused by inadequate intake of niacin (vitamin B3), and Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism.

Question 18

Pregnant women who do not consume enough iodine have an increased risk for:

Accepted Answer

Pregnant women who do not consume enough iodine have an increased risk for spontaneous abortion and stillbirth due to the role iodine plays in fetal brain development.

Question 19

Which trace mineral is a cofactor involved in the formation of urea?

Accepted Answer

Manganese is a cofactor for the enzyme arginase, which plays a key role in the urea cycle, the process by which nitrogen is removed from the body by converting it to urea. Therefore, manganese is essential for the formation of urea. Calcium, iodine, and sodium are not directly involved in this process.

Question 20

A deficiency of which of the following vitamins increases the risk for cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B₆ deficiency can lead to elevated homocysteine levels, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

Quiz 12: Nutrients Involved in Energy Metabolism