Question 1

Oil hydrogenation can produce a product,such as vegetable shortening or margarine,that is spreadable at room temperature because of an unusual bond that does not occur naturally.What is the name of this category of lipid?

Accepted Answer

The category of lipid produced through oil hydrogenation that is spreadable at room temperature is trans fat. Saturated fat is a natural category of lipid found in foods like butter and coconut oil. Healthy fat is a broad term that can include unsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, as well as monounsaturated fats like avocado and nuts. Cholesterol is a sterol, not a lipid category, and is found in animal products like eggs and meat.

Question 2

The unique chemical qualities of individual amino acids do not directly determine the function of an enzyme.What,then,is the role of the individual amino acid's unique chemical qualities,and what directly determines the function of an enzyme?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The unique chemical qualities of individual amino...

Question 3

Which would have the highest concentration of C-H bonds?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have the highest concentration of C-H bonds because they are fully saturated with hydrogen, meaning that every carbon atom has as many hydrogens bonded to it as possible. This gives them a higher ratio of C-H bonds compared to double bonds found in unsaturated or trans fats. Cholesterol also has a significant amount of C-H bonds, but not as many as saturated fats.

Question 4

Proteins are diverse molecules that perform a wide variety of functions.Which of the following is not a typical function of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are not typically used for energy storage, carbohydrates and lipids are usually used for energy storage.

Question 5

What is the basic structure of most lipids?

Accepted Answer

Most lipids consist of a glycerol head and up to three fatty acid tails. This structure is commonly called a triglyceride. Other types of lipids, such as steroids, may have a different structure, but the majority of lipids found in biological systems are triglycerides.

Question 6

Why does sweating cool your skin on a hot,dry day but make you feel warmer on a hot,humid day?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why does sweating cool your skin on...

Question 7

To a large extent,a protein's function is dependent upon its shape.What determines a protein's shape?

Accepted Answer

A protein's shape is determined by the sequence of amino acids. The unique sequence of amino acids determines how the protein will fold, which in turn determines its function.

Question 8

Which of the following dietary fats is considered to be the least healthy?

Accepted Answer

Trans fat is considered to be the least healthy dietary fat because it not only raises LDL (bad) cholesterol but also lowers HDL (good) cholesterol levels in the blood, increasing the risk of heart disease. It is recommended to avoid trans fats as much as possible.

Question 9

An old home remedy for anemia was to drink from a jug of water into which was added a handful of iron nails.Why might this have been effective at treating certain forms of anemia?

Accepted Answer

The answer of An old home remedy for anemia was...

Question 10

Organic molecules that end in the suffix "-ase" often function as ________ molecules.

Accepted Answer

Organic molecules that end in the suffix "-ase" often function as enzymatic molecules. The "-ase" suffix indicates that the molecule is an enzyme, which catalyzes chemical reactions in living organisms. Therefore, the correct answer choice is B - enzymatic.

Question 11

What might happen if a protein has a change in one amino acid?

Accepted Answer

A change in one amino acid can cause the protein to fold incorrectly, leading to a new shape and preventing it from functioning properly. Therefore, all three options (A, B, and C) can happen.

Question 12

What kind of bond joins amino acids together to form a protein?

Accepted Answer

A peptide bond joins amino acids together to form a polypeptide chain, which ultimately folds into a protein. This bond forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid, resulting in the loss of a water molecule.

Question 13

Enzymes are a type of ________.

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are a type of protein that act as catalysts in biological reactions, meaning they speed up the reaction without being altered themselves.

Question 14

Penicillin is a competitive inhibitor produced by a fungus in order to kill invading bacteria.It does this by mimicking the substrate required by the bacterium to build and repair its cell wall.Describe how mimicking the substrate would result in the death of the bacterium.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Penicillin is a competitive inhibitor produced by...

Question 15

What will be accomplished by lowering the activation energy of a reaction?

Accepted Answer

Lowering the activation energy of a reaction means that it will require less energy for the reaction to occur. This will allow the reaction to proceed more quickly.

Question 16

Which of the three gasses is the easiest to break apart: nitrogen gas (N₂),oxygen gas (O₂),or hydrogen gas (H₂)? Which is the most difficult to break apart? What accounts for the differences?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the three gasses is the...

Quiz 2: The Chemistry of Life