Question 1

It is suspected that the prevalence of ASD is underestimated because ____.

Accepted Answer

The thirty-day period used to define ASD may not be long enough for individuals to seek treatment, leading to an underestimation of the disorder's prevalence.

Question 2

Which of the following substances suppresses the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol is a hormone that can suppress the immune system by reducing the number of T-cells and lymphocytes, as well as interfering with the functioning of phagocytes.

Question 3

Stress produces physiological changes in the body.Part of the stress response involves ____ that can impair immune functioning.

Accepted Answer

The stress response involves the release of neurohormones such as cortisol and adrenaline, which can impair immune functioning. High levels of T-cells, B-cells, and phagocytes are actually beneficial for immune functioning, so options A, C, and D are incorrect.

Question 4

Gina was driving on a bridge when it collapsed over a river.Although she was not physically injured, she had to wait in her car for three hours before she was helped off the bridge.Which hormone is most likely to have been released to help her body deal with this dangerous and frightening situation?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol is a stress hormone that is released by the adrenal gland in response to a dangerous or frightening situation. It helps the body deal with stress by increasing blood sugar levels and suppressing the immune system. In this scenario, the collapse of the bridge over the river would have been a very stressful and frightening situation for Gina, and cortisol would likely have been released to help her cope with it. Thyroxin, testosterone, and estradiol are not typically associated with the body's stress response.

Question 5

Suppose you were the director of a rape crisis center.What could you expect in terms of the frequency of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)among the clients who come to your center immediately and three months after being raped?

Accepted Answer

Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) is common immediately after a traumatic event like rape, with a high percentage meeting the criteria. Over time, some cases may develop into PTSD, with a lower percentage meeting the criteria at three months.

Question 6

Research by Delahanty (2007)found that following the experience of an overwhelming and traumatic stimulus ____.

Accepted Answer

Delahanty (2007) found that most individuals who have experienced a traumatic event show a marked decrease in symptoms with time. This is known as natural recovery, where individuals are able to gradually cope with the aftermath of trauma and return to their pre-trauma levels of functioning.

Question 7

In the study of Vietnam veterans and their twin brothers who had not been in combat, Gilbertson and colleagues (2006)found which relationship between cognitive functioning and PTSD?

Accepted Answer

The study found that above average cognitive skills act as a protective factor against developing PTSD.

Question 8

What is now known as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)was called ____ in World War I.

Accepted Answer

PTSD was originally known as shell shock during World War I, as it was believed to be caused by the constant exposure to the loud explosions of artillery shells. The term soldier's heart was used during the Civil War and World War II to describe similar symptoms, while battle fatigue was used during the Korean War. The term postwar syndrome was never commonly used to describe the condition.

Question 9

Mrs.Fujimori has been caring for her husband who has lung cancer.She reports feeling depressed and states she herself has become unusually susceptible to infections.One explanation is that the stress has weakened her immune system.Another is that she has ____.

Accepted Answer

Neglecting nutrition and sleep needs can weaken the immune system and make a person more susceptible to infections.

Question 10

Cortina and Kubiak (2006)found that ____.

Accepted Answer

Cortina and Kubiak's study found that women are more likely than men to experience stress because women are more likely to be exposed to violent interpersonal situations, such as sexual harassment and domestic violence.

Question 11

Which of the following is a risk factor for disaster survivors developing PTSD?

Accepted Answer

Lack of social support is a risk factor for disaster survivors developing PTSD. This is because social support is a protective factor for mental health and trauma recovery. When individuals do not have adequate social support, they may feel isolated and experience prolonged stress, which can increase the risk of developing PTSD.

Therefore, choices B, C, and D are not risk factors for developing PTSD. Belief in one's ability to control actions and thoughts, above-average cognitive skills, and scoring low on neuroticism may be protective factors for mental health, but they are not specifically linked to the development of PTSD in disaster survivors.

Question 12

Which of the following groups of disorders involve actual physical conditions?

Accepted Answer

Psychophysiological disorders involve actual physical conditions, such as hypertension, migraine headaches, or asthma, that are brought on or worsened by psychological factors such as stress and anxiety. Hypochondriasis and somatic disorders involve excessive concern and preoccupation with physical symptoms, but they do not necessarily involve actual physical conditions. Anxiety disorders involve psychological symptoms such as excessive worry and fear, but they may or may not involve physical symptoms.

Question 13

Mitchell, a Vietnam veteran, spends his therapy sessions describing the horrors of combat.His therapist has him recall all the details, focusing on the horrific events for extended periods of time.Mitchell's therapist is most likely using ____ to treat him for ____.

Accepted Answer

Mitchell's therapist is likely using exposure therapy to treat him for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This type of therapy encourages individuals to confront and gradually be desensitized to anxiety-provoking stimuli, such as traumatic memories, in a safe and controlled environment in order to reduce the intensity and frequency of associated symptoms.

Question 14

Which statement accurately describes the relationship between stress and health?

Accepted Answer

Stress reactions have been shown to decrease the body's immune system efficiency, making individuals more vulnerable to diseases and infections. This is due to the fact that stress triggers the release of cortisol, a hormone that suppresses the immune response.

Question 15

Rhonda has been diagnosed with PTSD after being beaten and raped by her ex-husband.She is discussing various treatment options with her therapist.Why might her therapist suggest behavior therapy rather than medication?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rhonda has been diagnosed with PTSD after...

Question 16

Which system in the human body maintains health by recognizing and destroying pathogens that produce disease?

Accepted Answer

The immune system is responsible for recognizing and destroying pathogens that produce disease. The endocrine system and hormonal system regulate hormones and chemical messengers in the body, while the central nervous system controls sensory and motor functions.

Question 17

Stacey suffers from a psychophysiological disorder.Which statement about her condition would be accurate?

Accepted Answer

Psychophysiological disorders involve a combination of physical and psychological factors that contribute to the development and maintenance of the condition. Treatment often involves addressing both the physical and psychological components to achieve the best outcome.

Question 18

Drazen was in Bosnia during the civil war there.He has daytime flashbacks of the bombing and is emotionally numb, withdrawing from friends and family.Although he is much calmer than he was before the war, symptoms have lasted for several months.What about Drazen's case is unusual for a person with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

Accepted Answer

People with PTSD often experience heightened states of arousal and anxiety rather than becoming calmer, which is contrary to Drazen's described calmness. Flashbacks, withdrawal from others, and symptoms lasting more than thirty days are common in PTSD.

Question 19

Which trauma survivor is at highest risk for developing PTSD?

Accepted Answer

Rape is a highly traumatic event with a significant risk of developing PTSD, and being raped by someone of the same gender can add additional layers of trauma and stigma, increasing the risk further.

Question 20

In the study by Cohen and his colleagues (1998)on susceptibility to the cold virus, ____.

Accepted Answer

Cohen and his colleagues (1998) found that the stressors most closely related to colds were long-term conflicts with family or friends and either unemployment or underemployment, indicating a link between stress and susceptibility to developing cold symptoms.

Quiz 6: Stress Disorders

It is suspected that the prevalence of ASD is underestimated because ____.

Which of the following substances suppresses the immune system?

Stress produces physiological changes in the body.Part of the stress response involves ____ that can impair immune functioning.

Gina was driving on a bridge when it collapsed over a river.Although she was not physically injured, she had to wait in her car for three hours before she was helped off the bridge.Which hormone is most likely to have been released to help her body deal with this dangerous and frightening situation?

Suppose you were the director of a rape crisis center.What could you expect in terms of the frequency of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among the clients who come to your center immediately and three months after being raped?

Research by Delahanty (2007) found that following the experience of an overwhelming and traumatic stimulus ____.

In the study of Vietnam veterans and their twin brothers who had not been in combat, Gilbertson and colleagues (2006) found which relationship between cognitive functioning and PTSD?

What is now known as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was called ____ in World War I.