Question 1

Based on the results of the Featured Study, what would you expect to happen to your self-concept if you were exposed to subliminal images of the smiling face of a professor whose opinion meant a great deal to you?

Accepted Answer

Based on the Featured Study, exposure to subliminal images of a smiling face can enhance one's self-concept. If the professor's opinion means a great deal to the individual, then the positive association with the smiling face may positively affect their self-concept.

Question 2

Upon which of the following are our views about ourselves somewhat dependent, based on results of the Featured Study on alterations to self-concept by cognitive activation of a "significant other"?

Accepted Answer

The featured study suggests that our self-concept can be altered by cognitive activation of a "significant other," meaning our perception of others' views about us can affect our views about ourselves. Therefore, our views about ourselves are somewhat dependent on our perception of others' views about us.

Question 3

What need was Abraham Maslow expressing when he said that "what a man can be, he must be"?

Accepted Answer

Maslow was expressing the need to self-actualize, which is the highest level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Self-actualization is the drive to fulfill one's potential and achieve one's goals and dreams. When a person recognizes their full potential, they have a need to fulfill that potential and become the best version of themselves, which is what Maslow meant by "what a man can be, he must be."

Question 4

Dr. Linzle believes that it is necessary to understand each individual's personal, subjective experiences if you are to truly understand that individual's personality and behaviour. Which of the following perspectives best reflects Dr. Linzle's views?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Linzle's view aligns with the humanistic perspective, which emphasizes on subjective experience, personal growth, and self-awareness. This perspective stresses on the importance of understanding an individual's unique experiences, feelings, and perceptions, which shape their behaviour and personality.

Question 5

Antony describes himself as an open and relaxed individual, but people who know him well would describe Antony as secretive and tense. Which of the following would be true of Antony, according to Carl Rogers?

Accepted Answer

Antony's self-concept (his own idea of who he is) does not align with how others perceive him, indicating incongruence. This may lead him to be secretive and tense in an effort to hide those aspects of himself that he perceives as negative or undesirable.

Question 6

Which approach to personality stresses the individual's freedom, uniqueness, and growth potential?

Accepted Answer

Humanism is an approach to personality that stresses the individual's freedom, uniqueness, and growth potential. It emphasizes the importance of personal agency and the pursuit of self-actualization, or the realization of a person's full potential. Humanists believe that people have an inherent capacity for personal growth and that their experiences and interactions can help facilitate that growth. This approach highlights the subjective experience of the individual and encourages a holistic view of human behavior.

Question 7

What is your self-concept said to be if it is reasonably accurate, according to Carl Rogers?

Accepted Answer

According to Carl Rogers, a reasonably accurate self-concept is congruent with reality, meaning it aligns with one's actual experiences, feelings, and behaviors. This is a key component of Rogers' theory of person-centered therapy, which emphasizes the importance of self-awareness and self-acceptance in achieving personal growth and fulfillment.

Question 8

Which theoretical approach is considered to be the most optimistic view of human nature?

Accepted Answer

The humanistic approach is considered to be the most optimistic view of human nature. This approach emphasizes on the human capacity for self-awareness, personal growth, and the ability to make choices for oneself. It focuses on the positive aspects of human nature, such as creativity, spirituality, and autonomy, rather than the negative aspects.

Question 9

Fourteen-year-old Jessica knows she has made some bad choices at times, and these choices have gotten her into serious trouble on a number of occasions. However, she is confident that her parents love her, in spite of her mistakes. How does Jessica perceive her parents' affection, according to the theory developed by Carl Rogers?

Accepted Answer

According to Carl Rogers' theory of unconditional positive regard, Jessica perceives her parents' affection as unconditional, regardless of her mistakes and bad choices. She believes that her parents love her for who she is, rather than for any specific behaviors or achievements.

Question 10

Camilla thinks of herself as a shy person who is often anxious in social settings; however, her friends would describe her as outgoing and relaxed. Which of the following is true of Camilla, according to Carl Rogers?

Accepted Answer

Camilla's self-perception and her friends' perception of her are incongruent, which can cause internal conflict and anxiety. This indicates incongruence, as defined by Carl Rogers.

Question 11

What is the term for the collection of beliefs about one's own nature, unique qualities, and typical behaviour, according to Rogers?

Accepted Answer

According to Rogers, the term for the collection of beliefs about one's own nature, unique qualities, and typical behavior is called self-concept. Therefore, option D is the correct answer.

Question 12

For which of the following have both the psychoanalytic and behavioural theories of personality been criticized?

Accepted Answer

The answer of For which of the following have both...

Question 13

What must parents do in order for a child to develop a healthy personality, according to Rogers?

Accepted Answer

According to Rogers, parents must exhibit unconditional love toward the child in order for them to develop a healthy personality. This means accepting and valuing the child for who they are, without conditions or expectations. This creates a supportive and nurturing environment in which the child can grow and develop a positive sense of self.

Question 14

Ten-year-old Benjamin is often nervous about bringing report cards home to his parents. Although his parents say they love him, he feels that they really love him only when he obtains excellent grades in school. How does Benjamin perceive his parents' affection, based on the theory developed by Carl Rogers?

Accepted Answer

Benjamin perceives his parents' affection as conditional because he feels that they only love him when he obtains excellent grades in school. This means that their love is contingent on his academic performance, making it conditional.

Question 15

In the Featured Study, how did Baldwin and his colleagues attempt to alter the self-concept of participants?

Accepted Answer

Baldwin and his colleagues attempted to alter the self-concept of participants by presenting subliminal stimuli that represented the attitude of a significant other.

Question 16

Rashad thinks of himself as an outgoing, sociable person. All his friends would agree; most of them think he is one of the most friendly, upbeat people they have ever met. Which of the following is true of Rashad, according to Carl Rogers?

Accepted Answer

According to Carl Rogers, congruence is when a person's self-concept aligns with their actual behavior and experiences. Since Rashad sees himself as outgoing and sociable and his friends agree, he is experiencing congruence. Choices A and B are not relevant to this scenario, and choice D does not fit with the description of Rashad.

Question 17

What are parents promoting when they make their affection unconditional and show acceptance of their children's behaviour, according to Carl Rogers?

Accepted Answer

According to Carl Rogers, when parents make their affection unconditional and show acceptance of their children's behaviour, they promote congruence between their children's self-concept (their perception of themselves) and their actual experiences. This means that children will develop a more realistic and positive sense of self, which can lead to better mental health and well-being.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is least likely to be made by a humanist?

Accepted Answer

Humanists focus on the inherent value and potential of individuals and their ability to make choices and take control of their lives. The idea of being driven solely by unconscious conflicts goes against this belief. Options A, B, and D are more aligned with humanistic beliefs.

Question 19

What causes troublesome anxiety, according to Carl Rogers?

Accepted Answer

According to Carl Rogers, troublesome anxiety arises from threats to our self-concept. This means that when we are faced with situations that challenge our beliefs or values, we may experience anxiety as a result. This can be particularly true when our self-concept is unstable or unclear. By focusing on developing a strong and resilient self-concept, we can better cope with anxiety and other emotional challenges.

Question 20

What did Abraham Maslow call the need to fulfill one's potential?

Accepted Answer

Abraham Maslow called the need to fulfill one's potential the "need for self-actualization".

Quiz 12: A: Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment