Question 1

If transmission-based precautions are used, it is not necessary to use standard precautions.

Accepted Answer

Transmission-based precautions are used in addition to standard precautions.

Question 2

The virus that causes measles can be transmitted through the air from one person to another.

Accepted Answer

Measles is a highly contagious virus that is typically spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person sneezes or coughs. The virus can remain in the air or on surfaces for up to two hours, making it easy for others to contract the virus if they come into contact with it. Therefore, the virus that causes measles can be transmitted through the air from one person to another.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a host in the chain of infection?

Accepted Answer

A host refers to the organism that provides a place for the pathogen to live and reproduce. In this case, the human body acts as a host for the pathogen. The other options are not hosts in the chain of infection.

Question 4

Different people may experience different symptoms from the same viral infection.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Different people's immune systems may react differently to the same viral infection, resulting in varying symptoms or severity of symptoms. Age, overall health, and underlying medical conditions can also affect symptoms.

Question 5

The practice of medical asepsis is used to reduce and prevent the spread of microorganisms.

Accepted Answer

Medical asepsis includes practices such as hand hygiene, wearing personal protective equipment, and properly disinfecting surfaces, all of which are aimed at reducing and preventing the spread of microorganisms.

Question 6

Emotional stress can increase an individual's chance of becoming a susceptible host for infection.

Accepted Answer

Stress can weaken the immune system and make a person more vulnerable to infections. Studies have shown that chronic stress can impair the immune system and increase the risk of infections.

Question 7

Used needles should never be recapped.

Accepted Answer

Recapping a used needle increases the risk of needle stick injury, which can transmit blood-borne diseases.

Question 8

Which of the following microorganisms must live inside the cell of another organism in order to secure nourishment and reproduce?

Accepted Answer

Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, meaning they must invade a host cell to replicate and obtain nutrients, as they lack the cellular machinery for independent life.

Question 9

Most infectious diseases are transmitted through direct contact, such as touching someone or kissing them.

Accepted Answer

Many infectious diseases are transmitted by means other than direct contact, such as through the air, via insect bites, and by touching contaminated objects.

Question 10

The best way to prevent tapeworms is to

Accepted Answer

Tapeworms can be contracted by consuming undercooked or raw meats, especially pork and beef. Cooking meats thoroughly will ensure that any potential tapeworm larvae are killed. While hand washing, avoiding contaminated water, and insect bite prevention are all important for overall health and disease prevention, they are not specific ways to prevent tapeworms.

Question 11

If a health care worker is wearing gloves during a client procedure, it is not necessary to wash the hands immediately following the procedure.

Accepted Answer

The hands should always be washed after removing gloves.

Question 12

Most microorganisms have the ability to cause disease in humans.

Accepted Answer

Most microorganisms do not cause infection or disease.

Question 13

In the chain of infection, which of the following would most likely serve as a portal of exit?

Accepted Answer

The nose is most likely to serve as a portal of exit as it is a common site for the release of respiratory secretions containing infectious agents through coughing, sneezing, or simply breathing. Fingernails, hair, and ears are not typical portals of exit for infectious agents.

Question 14

Which of the following processes can be used to eliminate all pathogens, except spores?

Accepted Answer

Disinfecting is the process of eliminating all or most of the pathogenic microorganisms from a surface or object. However, it may not eliminate spores entirely, as spores are highly resistant to many disinfectants. Therefore, disinfecting can eliminate all pathogens except for spores.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of an agent in the chain of infection?

Accepted Answer

An agent is the microorganism or pathogen that causes the infectious disease. In this case, a virus is an example of an agent in the chain of infection. Handwashing, contaminated pillowcase, and proper nutrition are not agents but rather factors that contribute to the chain of infection in different ways.

Question 16

Many fungi are sources of food and medicines that are beneficial to humans.

Accepted Answer

Many fungi are indeed used as sources of food, such as mushrooms and truffles, and as sources of medicines such as antibiotics and immunosuppressants.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of nonspecific immune defense?

Accepted Answer

The skin is an example of a nonspecific immune defense because it acts as a physical barrier that prevents pathogens from entering the body. Inoculation (also known as vaccination) involves the introduction of a specific antigen to stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies, making it a specific immune defense. Antibodies are also specific immune defenses, as they are produced in response to a specific antigen. Antigens are not immune defenses at all, but rather molecules or substances that can stimulate the immune system to produce an immune response.

Question 18

The main reason that the spores of disease-causing bacteria are dangerous is that they _____.

Accepted Answer

Spores of disease-causing bacteria are resistant to heat, radiation, and chemicals, making them difficult to destroy. Therefore, they can remain in the environment for long periods and infect individuals who come in contact with them.

Question 19

Which statement describes the chain of infection?

Accepted Answer

The chain of infection refers to the interactive process by which infections are transmitted from a source to a susceptible host. It involves six key components: the infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host. Understanding and interrupting the chain of infection is critical in preventing the spread of infection.

Question 20

Which of the following is the definition of a fomite?

Accepted Answer

A fomite is a nonliving object that can harbor and transmit infectious agents such as bacteria and viruses. Examples of fomites include contaminated surfaces, objects, and medical equipment.

Quiz 16: Infection Control and Standard Precautions